Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common causes of death among women in the world. This study investigated the role of global DNA methylation (5mC) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels in BC disease progression. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with benign breast tumors, 40 patients with malignant breast tumors, and 40 healthy subjects. Patients with malignant breast tumors were divided into two groups: women in stage II (low-level), and patients in stages III and IV (high-level). Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples from the subjects and used for global DNA methylation. Furthermore, the levels of HIF-1α expression were measured. The results showed that the levels of 5mC in patients with BC and benign breast tumors were considerably lower (0.538 ± 0.03 and 0.432 ± 0.04%, respectively), compared to the control (0.619 ± 0.05%). Furthermore, there was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in levels of 5mC in BC patients at stages III and IV compared to control. However, there were no significant differences between low-level and high-level stages. The HIF-1α levels of patients in both the benign breast tumors and BC were insignificant (923.35 ± 72.42 and 1386.03 ± 102.01pg/ml, respectively), compared to the control (825.5 ± 62.36 pg/ml). Although, BC patients at low levels showed no significant difference in HIF-1α levels compared with patients at high levels. The findings indicated that variations in 5mC levels across different stages and types of breast tumors may serve as a prognostic indicator for the development of BC and also implicated HIF-1α in the development of BC.
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This study was designed to assess the harmful impact of Duprost on the testes of experimental animals. The animals were divided into 3 categories: control, acute, and chronic; the last two were further divided into subgroups. All acute subgroups were given a lonely oral dosage of 0.5, 0.12, 0.08, and 0.04 mg/kg for 24 hours. The chronic subgroups were given a daily dosage of 0.12, 0.08, 0.04 mg/kg for 42 days. The sections of treated testes of acute and chronic sets showed pathological alterations mainly in dosages (0.12 mg/kg and 0.08 mg/kg). The higher dosages cause cellular depletion, necrosis and lysis of the testicular interstitium, hyperplasia and increased thickness of the interstitium. Moreover, there was marked hypertrophy, marked tubular dilation and deterioration with severe degeneration and necrosis of lining epithelium with a loss of stereocilia in epididymis tissue.
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| 02_Ban Jasm_16-27.pdf | 1.66 MB |
Ionising radiation from radiotherapy can cause thyroid disease, autoimmune antibodies, and haematological invasion. Ionising radiation affects the immune system, and surpassing the body's tolerance can damage the hematopoietic system, causing early symptoms and serious consequences. The study used ELISA technique to determine autoantibodies and thyroid hormones in whole blood samples from Iraqi physician in Baghdad city for nuclear medicine which exposed daily to radiotherapy according to their routine job. CBC were also determined using autoanalyzer. A group of healthy control patients was also studied. Blood samples from Iraqi doctors who were routinely exposed to radiation were examined, a statistically significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in the serum levels of the Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine 4 (T4) and a statistically significant elevation (P ≤ 0.01) of Anti-Thyroid peroxidase Ab (Anti-TPO Ab), Anti-Thyroglobulin Ab (anti-Tg Ab), and antinuclear antibody (ANA) serum levels in female were seen in contrast to the healthy control group. Compared to healthy controls, female workers had less RBCs and Hb. For that, it can be concluded that the exposure to radiotherapy is effective in female more than male workers in Baghdad city for nuclear medicine which can be due to the effect of radiation low dose on female autoimmune system.
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| 01_Bahaa_5-15.pdf | 777.34 KB |
This review analyzes current trends in the development of traditional (open-loop) methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, as well as promising directions for the development of closed-loop methods of adaptive neurostimulation. The main focus is on studies using non-invasive magnetic and electrical stimulation, as well as acoustic and audiovisual stimulation. The possibilities and prospects for using these technologies as a tool in carrying out a wide range of rehabilitation procedures are analyzed. The results of the authors' own research in this direction are presented.
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| 014_Федотчев_Парин_147_155.pdf | 272.87 KB |
The effect of gas-discharge plasma radiation on the biochemical parameters of blood and urine of intact animals and animals with acute alcohol intoxication was investigated. Measurements of the content of medium-mass molecules (MMM), creatinine, urea, glucose, lactate and hemoglobin in the blood and 14 physicochemical indicators of the urine test were carried out. Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of 33% ethanol at a dose of LD50. The treatment was carried out by an experimental pulsed (10 Hz) device generating radiation of spark discharge plasma. It was revealed that exposure to plasma radiation does not lead to changes in the biochemical parameters of blood and urine of intact animals. In the model of AAI, the development of protein-creatininia, urobilinogenuria, and an increase in the specific gravity of rat’s urine was observed. The total level of MMM and hemoglobin in the blood increased, lactic acidosis developed. After exposure to plasma radiation in animals with AAI, blood and urine parameters normalized, which is probably associated with the activation of the organism's adaptive and antioxidant reserves. Thus, the positive effect of spark discharge plasma radiation on the organism during acute ethanol intoxication has been shown.
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| 013_Трофимова_137-146.pdf | 562.24 KB |
The heritability of human psychological well-being ranges from 36 to 48%. GWAS conducted between 2016 and 2019 identified 364 SNPs significant for well-being. A significant association with psychological well-being has been shown for the APOE, OXTR, OXT, NMUR2, CNR1, CRHR1, and CYP19A1 genes. The greatest influence on psychological well-being is exerted by allelic variants of the MAYA, 5-HTT, СOMT genes, and the CTRA gene group (conservative transcriptional response to adversity). Brain functioning is influenced by the peculiarities of VNTR distribution in the regulatory regions of the 5-HTT, SLC6A3, AVPR1A, FUS, OXT, PARK7, POMC, TACR3, TRPV1 and TRPV3 genes. These features are due to the individual distribution of SVA (SINE-VNTR-Alu) retroelements, which belong to transposons that are drivers of epigenetic regulation. Features of activation of retroelements located in the regulatory regions of genes may affect the individual level of well-being. This is evidenced by the association with psychological well-being of DRD4, MAOA, SLC6A3, 5-HTT genes alleles, determined by the length of VNTR in their regulatory regions. Evidence of retroelements role in well-being regulation is that retroelements are sources of protein-coding genes and microRNAs involved in brain functioning. The Arc gene, derived from retroelements, is characterized by transport into neuronal dendrites with translation regulation. We analyzed the MDTE DB database on transposon-derived microRNAs and scientific literature. According to the results, 12 miRNAs, derived from transposons, are associated with major depressive disorder. The data obtained indicate the influence of transposons on psychological well-being, which is assessed by the absence of depression.
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| 012_Мустафин_123-136.pdf | 698.34 KB |
Currently, data are accumulating on the antioxidant properties of bilirubin and its protective role in various diseases. This review considers the dose-dependent effect of bilirubin on its cytoprotective and antioxidant properties, the relationship between the level of bilirubin and the pathophysiological manifestations of bronchial asthma, in the pathogenesis of which chronic inflammation induced by oxidative stress plays a significant role. The article also focuses on the potential therapeutic use of bilirubin in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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| 011_Кубышева_115-122_a.pdf | 351.47 KB |
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 223 patients from Nizhny Novgorod with morphologically verified pancreatic cancer (PC) treated at the Oncological Dispensary of the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2021-2022. The patients were conditionally divided into two subgroups: The first subgroup (184 patients) underwent PCR testing at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncology Dispensary and then next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the coding regions of the BRCA1/2 genes at the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The second subgroup (39 patients) underwent NGS of the coding regions of cancer-associated genes at the Centre for Personalised Medicine of the Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Centre named after A.S. Loginov. Germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes were detected in 6 patients with pancreatic cancer (3.3 ± 1.3%), including one case in the BRCA1 gene and 5 in the BRCA2 gene. Various pathogenic mutations in genes (ATM, FANCC, POLE, NBN, BLM, SMARCA4, MUTYH, FANCG) associated with different oncological syndromes were found in 9 patients (23.1 ± 1.2%). The high prevalence rates of different pathogenic variants in PC patients, regardless of age and family history of oncology, indicate the need for medical genetic counselling followed by NGS. The detection of germline mutations in genes of hereditary tumour syndromes in PC patients will help to identify high-risk groups for tumor development in relatives and enable early diagnosis.
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| 010_Колесникова_103-114.pdf | 556.72 KB |
Ophthalmic diseases are common problems in dogs of various breeds and ages. In recent years, ophthalmologists have been paying more attention to stem cell (SC) therapies, since the renewal and regeneration of any tissue in the adult body depends on somatic SC, and eye tissues are no exception. The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in healing ulcerative keratitis of dogs. Our research showed that subconjunctival injections of allogeneic MSCs from adipose tissue was clinically safe for use in dogs during the follow-up period. These injections contributed to the decrease of the clinical manifestations of ulcerative keratitis in dogs, as evidenced by a decrease the intensity and area of the affected areas of the cornea compared to classic therapy.
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| 09_Закирова-94-102.pdf | 677 KB |
A major problem of medicine is the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. This is due to their frequency, the severity of anatomical and functional disorders, as well as the complexity of social adaptation of patients. Cleft lip and palate are highly common malformations with a significant variation of risk factors. The updating of epidemiological data in certain regions of Russia makes it possible to identify the dominant causal mechanisms of the occurrence of defects, to determine the necessary directions for improving preventive and diagnostic measures, treatment and tactics of dispensary supervision of patients. The analysis of the incidence of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia over the past 19 years has been carried out. The risk factors for the development of anomalies, the structure of morbidity, the type and nature of the therapeutic measures carried out were determined.
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| 08_Алешина_86-93.pdf | 562.94 KB |
