The Influence of Radiotherapy Exposure on Anti-TPO Ab, Anti-Tg Ab, Anti-nuclear Ab, Anti-DSA Ab and Complete Blood Markers in Hospital Physician Workers in Nuclear Baghdad Hospital

Ionising radiation from radiotherapy can cause thyroid disease, autoimmune antibodies, and haematological invasion. Ionising radiation affects the immune system, and surpassing the body's tolerance can damage the hematopoietic system, causing early symptoms and serious consequences. The study used ELISA technique to determine autoantibodies and thyroid hormones in whole blood samples from Iraqi physician in Baghdad city for nuclear medicine which exposed daily to radiotherapy according to their routine job. CBC were also determined using autoanalyzer. A group of healthy control patients was also studied. Blood samples from Iraqi doctors who were routinely exposed to radiation were examined, a statistically significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in the serum levels of the Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine 4 (T4) and a statistically significant elevation (P ≤ 0.01) of Anti-Thyroid peroxidase Ab (Anti-TPO Ab), Anti-Thyroglobulin Ab (anti-Tg Ab), and antinuclear antibody (ANA) serum levels in female were seen in contrast to the healthy control group. Compared to healthy controls, female workers had less RBCs and Hb. For that, it can be concluded that the exposure to radiotherapy is effective in female more than male workers in Baghdad city for nuclear medicine which can be due to the effect of radiation low dose on female autoimmune system.