The article presents the peculiarities of adaptive reactions of heart work to functional tests in young badminton players and children not engaged in sports at the age of 8-12 years. Continuous recording of electrocardiogram registration of children during the whole research protocol was carried out. It was shown that there are reliable changes of electrocardiographic parameters of heart work on active orthostatic test, as well as on the test with breath-holding. The analysis of electrocardiogram showed the presence of adaptive mechanisms of cardiovascular system of badminton players at the initial stage of sports training, it reflects a higher level of body fitness and contractility of the heart.
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Purulent-septic skin infections occupy a leading position in the morbidity structure of newborns in obstetric hospitals, with Staphylococcus aureus identified as the primary etiological agent. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) enables the acquisition of highly detailed genomic data on the spectra of pathogenicity genes, the mobilome, and the resistome of epidemic strains, as well as facilitating intraspecific typing of isolates. Aim of the study: To apply WGS technology to gain new insights into the genetic characteristics of S. aureus strains isolated during a period of epidemic occurrence in an obstetric hospital. This study employed WGS along with a range of bioinformatic tools, including dendrogram construction, calculation of average nucleotide identity (ANI) indices, and genetic mapping. The analysis established that the etiological agent of the epidemic outbreak of pemphigus neonatorum was a population of hospital-associated S. aureus ST121 t435 strains, isolated from both a healthcare worker and affected newborns. Strains of this genotype had not previously been associated with staphyloderma and were characterized by the presence of the eta gene (exfoliative toxin A) and two prophage-associated determinants of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, suggesting a high potential for horizontal gene transfer and dissemination among other S. aureus strains circulating within the hospital environment. Seven strains demonstrated resistance to oxacillin, attributed to modifications in native penicillin-binding proteins – an alternative mechanism to the well-known mec-mediated methicillin resistance pathway. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating WGS technologies into molecular epidemiological surveillance in obstetric healthcare settings.
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| 11_133-146.pdf | 1.57 MB |
The aim is to determine the role of polymorphic loci of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α genes in families of patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases. Materials and methods: Molecular genetic identification of H. pylori was carried out by PCR. Determination of cytokine gene polymorphisms (IL-1β (-31T/C), TNF-α (-308 G/A), IL-10 (-592C/A) and (+1082G/A) in 108 individuals – family members of individuals with chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis, was carried out by allele-specific PCR in real time. Results: H. pylori DNA was detected in 55.6% of patients' relatives, which is higher than the average prevalence in Russia (35.3%) and the Volga Federal District (33.0%). The distribution of gene polymorphisms of the studied cytokines in relatives of patients with and without H. pylori infection differed significantly. In H. pylori-infected family members, the T/T genotype and T allele of IL-1β (-31T/C), the C/C genotype of IL-10 (-592 C/A), and the G/G genotype of TNFα (-308 G/A) were significantly more frequently detected. No significant differences in IL-10 polymorphisms (+1082 G/A) were found in H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative individuals. Conclusions: IL 1β (-31T/C) T/T, IL 10 (-592 C/A) C/C, TNFα (-308 G/A) G/G gene polymorphisms increase the risk of H. pylori infection by more than 2 times. Carriers of such genotypes constitute a risk group for H. pylori-associated diseases, and in case of subclinical infection they are a source of infection and reinfection of relatives. Identification and treatment of infected family members is an important task in preventing the spread and recurrence of H. pylori infection.
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| 10_123-132.pdf | 803.53 KB |
The effect of a surgical laser on the physicochemical properties of molecules of two model proteins was studied: human immunoglobulin IgG and bovine serum albumin. After exposure to laser radiation, the optical density of protein solutions changes, the fluorescence intensity decreases, and the refractive index of the solutions does not change significantly. No massive damage or ruptures of the protein polypeptide chain were observed; on the contrary, intense aggregation of protein molecules was recorded. Thus, when exposed to a laser scalpel, partial denaturation and aggregation processes prevail in IgG and bovine serum albumin solutions, and aromatic amino acid residues are damaged to a lesser extent.
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| 09_114-122.pdf | 1.08 MB |
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high mutational load and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, new approaches in the treatment of CRC include viral mimicry aimed at activating the expression of retroelements to stimulate the immune response against cancer. However, the role of activated retroelements in CRC carcinogenesis must be considered. Retroelements are implicated in CRC-specific chromothripsis and one of the highest percentages of retroelement insertions in CRC of any cancer type has been identified. In addition, retroelements are evolutionarily and functionally related to long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs. Therefore, a differentiated approach is needed in targeted therapy of CRC using circular RNAs as tools (as the most stable non-coding RNAs) to control the activity of retroelements. This article describes the analysis of scientific literature on the relationship in the mechanisms of CRC development of retroelements with circular RNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Data on the functioning of specific circular RNAs as tumor suppressors and oncogenes with their influence on microRNA and the expression of protein-coding genes are systematized. The nature of changes in the expression of transposon-derived microRNAs interacting with circRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in CRC is presented. The obtained data may form the basis for more correct epigenetic therapy of CRC with activation of only those retroelements that are not involved in CRC carcinogenesis.
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| 08_89-113.pdf | 1.47 MB |
Hypoxia is a common pathological condition that contributes to the development of various neurological disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) represents a promising therapeutic target for enhancing resistance to hypoxia and correcting neuronal dysfunction in the post-hypoxic period. In this study, the effects of two classes of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitors on the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to hypoxic injury were investigated. The findings demonstrated that the HIF-PHD inhibitors Roxadustat and Adaptaquin exert a neuroprotective effect in hypoxic conditions by increasing the animals' resistance to acute hypobaric hypoxia. Among the tested compounds, Adaptaquin at a dose of 10 mg/kg exhibited the highest efficacy, reducing neuronal damage and edema in the prefrontal cortex during the post-hypoxic period and promoting the recovery of cognitive and motor functions. These results suggest the potential of HIF-PHD inhibitors for the treatment of hypoxic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 07_74-88.pdf | 1.47 MB |
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent pathologies worldwide, and myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The development of MI is accompanied by profound alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes, including a decrease in the amplitude and propagation velocity of the action potential. These changes lead to disturbances in excitability and impulse conduction not only in the affected region but also throughout the entire heart. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these alterations is crucial for developing novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity changes in the right atrial myocardium at different stages of left ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) development in rats. Experimental MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. We evaluated the effects of acute, subacute, and long-term consequences MI phases on the amplitude-time characteristics of action potentials in working right atrial cardiomyocytes.
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| 06_68-73.pdf | 357.05 KB |
Methacrylic resins (MAR) are highly sought-after materials for contemporary additive manufacturing of products, exhibiting a broad spectrum of applications. In order to impart new biological properties to the products printed using MSLA-technology, metal titanium nanoparticles (0.001-0.1 w.%) were added to the MAR composition. Samples of composite materials (MAR/Ti-NPs) were printed from the obtained modified resins. The present study demonstrated the ability of the obtained composite materials to enhance the formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide molecules, to cause oxidative damage to DNA and protein molecules, and to significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli bacterial cultures and cause the death of bacterial cells during prolonged contact with the investigated material samples. The investigations conducted to assess the impact of the obtained composite materials on the proliferation and maturation of HSF cells have indicated an elevated degree of cytocompatibility.
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| 05_58-67.pdf | 714.84 KB |
This study investigated the production, purification, and vitro cytotoxic potential of L-glutaminase derived from Bacillus subtilis. Twenty-five bacterial isolates were recovered from diverse soil samples. Identification of B. subtilis was confirmed using standard biochemical assays, differential media, and the VITEK 2 automated system. Screening for L-glutaminase production identified B. subtilis isolate B7 as exhibiting the highest activity, with a crude enzyme-specific activity of 15.8 U/mg. Optimization of enzyme production parameters revealed glucose and yeast extract as optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, under controlled conditions of 40 °C and pH 6. L-glutaminase was purified using a four-step protocol: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and salt precipitation. Gel filtration chromatography resulted in the highest specific activity (754.6 U/mg), representing a 15.2-fold purification and a 21.1% yield relative to the crude extract. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of crude and purified L-glutaminase were evaluated using the MTT assay against the A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and WRL 68 (normal human liver) cell lines. Paclitaxel, a known chemotherapeutic agent, was a positive control for cytotoxicity against A549 cells. Treatment of A549 cells with purified L-glutaminase induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with a concentration of 400 µg/ml achieving maximal inhibition. These findings suggest that purified L-glutaminase from B. subtilis B7 demonstrates significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cells and merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic candidate.
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| 04_43-57.pdf | 1.09 MB |
Pollutants, especially hydrocarbon oil pollutants, are among the most important problems spread worldwide due to the environmental and health problems to all forms of life, especially humans. Therefore, it is important today to find environmentally friendly and low-cost treatment methods to decrease the high risk of pollutants. In this study, the single-celled green algae including Chlorococcum humicola was used to treat different concentrations of anthracene. The results of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique revealed that the alga used had high treatment efficiency, as naphthalene disappeared at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm after day 12 of treatment. In addition, the results also showed the possibility of using the algae as a carbon source for anthracene.
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| 03_27-42.pdf | 1.11 MB |
