In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for classifying images from the MNIST database based on a spiking neural network with memristive plasticity and glial regulation of excitatory synapses. This algorithm encodes images through the dynamics of the spiking neural network and generates a new feature space for image classification using classical machine learning methods. The model's analysis revealed that neuron-glial regulation influences synaptic connections, which ultimately alters the performance of the spiking neural network's image classification.
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 16_Стасенко_158-167.pdf | 637.54 KB |
In previous work with hen egg white lysozyme, we showed that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (40 μT, 50 Hz) accelerated protein renaturation. In contrast, hypomagnetic fields (<40 nT) slowed renaturation compared to controls (static magnetic field, 40 μT). Here, we investigated the fluorescence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under these magnetic conditions. In a 20% hypomagnetic field environment, the fluorescence intensity of native EGFP decreased. Extremely low-frequency fields (40 μT, 50 Hz) induced a significant blue shift in fluorescence wavelength upon renaturation compared with controls. These effects indicate that fluorescent proteins are effective for studying weak magnetic fields, and the renaturation process may be a target for such fields with induction similar to that of the geomagnetic field.
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| 15_Саримов_150-157.pdf | 721.89 KB |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by death of motor neurons, development of muscle weakness, paralyses and atrophy of skeletal muscles. The most common immediate cause of lethal outcome of ALS patients is respiratory insufficiency due to paralysis of respiratory muscles. Effectiveness of currently used medications for ALS treatment is very limited and can extend life of patient only for few months. One of perspective directions in development of ALS therapy is use of microvesicles prepared from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Such microvesicles have neuroprotective properties and some advantages in comparison with parental cells (lower immune rejection, no tumor risk, etc.). Earlier we found that transplantation of MSC-derived microvesicles increases survival and reduces the severity of motor disorders in mice with ALS model. In current paper we evaluated the influence of transplantation of microvesicles obtained from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenin (ANG) on contractile characteristics of diaphragmatic muscle of FUS transgenic mice with ALS model. Electrically induced single (0,1 Hz stimulation) and tetanic (5-50 Hz) muscle contractions were recorded with use of standard myographic technique on diaphragmatic muscles of 3,5-month old FUS mice after single or two time transplantation of microvesicles derived from MSC overexpressing VEGF and ANG. It was found that relative forces of single and tetanic muscle contractions were significantly increased in FUS mice received single time transplantation of microvesicles carrying VEGF and ANG comparing to FUS mice without treatment. No significant effects of treatment with microvesicles carrying VEGF and ANG on the threshold of diaphragmatic muscle contraction was found. Thus, transplantation of microvesicles carrying VEGF and ANG increases the contractility of diaphragmatic muscle of FUS mice, which should be beneficial in ALS-modelled pathology and can be one of mechanisms of therapeutic effects of microvesicles carrying VEGF and ANG on FUS mice with ALS model.
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| 14_Мухамедьяров_144-149.pdf | 575.68 KB |
This study investigates the effects of the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine at a concentration of 10−8 M on the frequency and characteristics of spontaneous action potentials in right atrial preparations of healthy rats and those with experimental MI (acute phase: 1 day; chronic phase: 54 days). Methoxamine significantly increased the spontaneous activity frequency across all groups. Crucially, the ability of methoxamine to shorten the AP duration (APD) was significantly attenuated in the infarcted myocardium. The APD shortening effect was most pronounced in healthy controls and markedly weaker in both the acute and chronic MI groups. These findings highlight the significant functional remodeling of the cardiac α1- adrenergic system post-MI. The attenuated repolarization response suggests that regulatory mechanisms are compromised, potentially contributing to the electrophysiological instability and heightened arrhythmia risk observed after myocardial infarction.
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| 13_Мансур_137-143.pdf | 887.76 KB |
Rapid analysis of milk components is often necessary in clinical settings, biotechnology, the food industry, and animal husbandry. Existing data on the possibility of analyzing milk through a correlation between lactose and mineral concentrations remain contradictory and require further verification. This study examines a possible correlation between the electromotive force (EMF) readings of ion-selective electrodes and lactose in raw cow's milk. A laboratory setup with an ion meter-conductometer-thermometer equipped with a potassium-selective electrode, a heated magnetic stirrer, and ultrasonic and viscometric milk quality analyzers was used to collect measurements of various milk parameters. Milk with the following parameters was used: fat content (from 2.59% to 4.49%), protein content (from 3.01% to 3.72%), and lactose (from 4.11% to 5.11%). As a result, it was found that changing the temperature from 30 °C to 39 °C leads to a 3-5% decrease in the generated EMF of a milk sample. The EMF decrease occurs differently for milk with different combinations of quality parameters. A statistically significant strong linear relationship of r = 0.88 at p < 0.05 was established, as well as a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.77 between lactose content and EMF in milk. This result opens the possibility of rapid analysis of milk using potentiometric methods.
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| 12_Козлов_130-136.pdf | 446.99 KB |
Geomagnetic conditions in modern urban environments are substantially distorted and don’t represent the natural background for humans. In most cases, this refers to magnetic fields up to 1 mT, classified as weak magnetic fields. Despite the practical relevance, this range remains insufficiently investigated, and the available data are fragmented and contradictory. We demonstrated that the proliferation rate of normal human cells (HEK-293T), unlike cancer cell lines (HeLa and A-431), is sensitive to the intensity of background weak magnetic field. A decrease in the geomagnetic background led to a significant slowdown in cell growth. To assess the modifying impact of an additional stress factor on cellular sensitivity to magnetic fields, we subjected the cells to serum deprivation. This led to an amplification of the effect observed in normal cells; moreover, the cells under stressful conditions demonstrated the sensitivity to both a decrease and an increase of background magnetic field
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| 11_Карпова_120-129.pdf | 832.54 KB |
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein. Growing evidence implicates the gut-brain axis in PD pathogenesis, with dysbiosis potentially influencing alpha-synuclein homeostasis and serving as a disease biomarker. Methods: We established substrate-specific bacterial enrichment cultures from a pooled fecal inoculum of 15 treatment-naïve PD patients. 16S rRNA gene sequencing defined the taxonomic profiles of five consortia (PLactate, MTryptone, MPeptone/Sucrose, MFat, MStarch). The impact of bacterial lysates on a human neuronal model was assessed using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Gene expression of SNCA, HSPA8, SNAP25, STX1A, and APP was quantified via qRT-PCR, and cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Results: The choice of carbon source selected for communities with distinct taxonomic profiles. Lysates from the MTryptone consortium, dominated by Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Eggerthella, significantly upregulated APP, SNAP25, and HSPA8 expression and increased cytotoxicity in live co-culture. Conversely, lysates from the MPeptone/Sucrose consortium, enriched in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Peptoniphilus, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides, downregulated SNAP25, HSPA8, and STX1A and exhibited a protective effect on viability. SNCA expression remained unchanged across all treatments. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that specific gut bacterial consortia derived from PD patients can directly and differentially modulate the expression of key neuronal genes linked to synaptic function and protein processing. This work provides direct in vitro evidence supporting the hypothesis that a shift in gut microbial ecology may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in PD, highlighting specific microbial guilds as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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| 10_Иккерт_104-119.pdf | 1.06 MB |
The aim of this study was to investigate lipid peroxidation processes and the metabolic parameters of erythrocytes in patients who underwent cardiac surgery, depending on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The intensity of lipoperoxidation and the state of erythrocyte metabolism were assessed at different stages of surgery and postoperatively. The results demonstrated that during CPB, there was an increase in oxidative processes and a decrease in organic phosphates within erythrocytes, correlated with the duration of CPB. Under the influence of nitric oxide, a reduction in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in catalase activity in erythrocytes were observed. The application of nitric oxide led to a twofold increase in ATP concentration and a 1.5-fold increase depending on the duration of CPB. Nitric oxide supplied to the extracorporeal circuit exerted an antioxidant effect regardless of CPB duration. Importantly, during prolonged CPB, NO promoted an increase in erythrocyte ATP levels, which is critical for flow-mediated vasodilation and regional blood flow enhancement. Studying the effect of nitric oxide through stimulation of ATP production and export represents a promising approach to understanding NO's role in cardiac surgery under CPB conditions.
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| 09_Дерюгина_95-103.pdf | 933.18 KB |
Nanomaterial-based drugs are currently being actively developed for tumor diagnostics and therapy, and some are already in clinical use. However, systemic administration of nanomedicines often results in their rapid removal from the bloodstream by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and accumulation in the liver and spleen. For abdominal and pelvic tumors, intraperitoneal administration may be an option, overcoming the inefficiency of passive delivery. Peritoneal immune cells, which are tropic to tumor nodes, can be used to transport nanoagents to tumor sites. In this study, biocompatible complexes based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) were synthesized and their interaction with mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied. UCNP-based particles were shown to be capable of being taken up by macrophages and maintain their integrity for an extended period. The obtained results allow us to further consider the use of peritoneal macrophages as a system for delivering nanopreparations to tumor foci.
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| 08_Гурьев_86-94.pdf | 2.14 MB |
The present study investigated the effects of novel Xymedon conjugates with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and succinic acid on the regeneration processes of the model organism, the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea Benazzi, Baguñà, Ballester, Puccinelli & Del Papa, 1975 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). Blastema regeneration and cellular proliferative activity were quantitatively assessed using vital computer morphometry and flow cytofluorometry. The results showed that the Xymedon conjugate with PABA at a concentration of 5 mg/100 mL significantly increased the regeneration index and stimulated cell proliferation by elevating the proportion of cells in the S and G₂/M phases of the cell cycle. In contrast, the Xymedon conjugate with succinic acid showed no stimulatory effect. At the highest tested concentration (0.01 mg/100 mL), it slightly suppressed regeneration and reduced the fraction of cells in the G₂/M phase. These results confirm S. mediterranea feasibility as a model for screening the regenerative potential of biologically active compounds and highlight Xymedon's significance as a structural platform for developing new regeneration stimulators.
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| 07_Беляев_77-85.pdf | 2.39 MB |
