Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of cell and tissue culture in the fields of bioengineering, cell biology, and genetics; however, these achievements have largely focused on mammalian systems. In vitro studies on fish cells and tissues have been relatively limited, but the use of fish cell lines as in vitro models for environmental toxicology, particularly cytotoxicity analysis, has been significant. In addition, cultured cells have been used to study fish parasites and as in vitro models for screening immunostimulants. Skeletal muscle is the most important edible tissue in fish and rapid muscle growth determines the advantages of in vivo aquaculture. The generation of fish muscle cell lines can help to provide a reliable platform for deciphering the mechanism of fish skeletal muscle growth both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, cultured fish meat is a promising technology for animal protein-based foods and the concept of cell biomass meat from fish needs to be further developed. Our data demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining and culturing sterlet muscle cells in vitro. This study highlights the potential advantages of cell aquaculture over traditional fishing and aquaculture, and the potential applications of fish muscle cell lines in the study of fish skeletal muscle growth and the production of edible cultured fish meat products.
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 12 ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF STERLET MYOBLASTS.pdf | 636.75 KB |
This study evaluated the effect of different diets on the probiotic (lacto-, bifidobacteria) and opportunistic (yeast, Escherichia coli) intestinal microflora of CD1 mice. The high-fat diet contained 40% animal fat (lard) and the high-fiber diet contained 40% freeze-dried fiber. The intestinal microflora was determined by the standard method of seeding the contents of the intestine on selective culture media (MPС, Blaurock, Sabouraud, Endo). The results showed that on the 50th day of the experiment in the group of mice with a high fat content, the population of probiotic cultures of lacto- and bifidobacteria decreased, while the population of yeast and enterobacteria increased, compared with the starting point of the experiment and the control group of mice. The weight of mice in this group by the end of the experiment increased by 16%. In the group of mice with a high content of insoluble fiber, a decrease in the populations of probiotic cultures, yeasts and enterobacteria was observed. At the same time, the weight of mice increased by 13.6%. Thus, high fat intake in the diet entails possible disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, an increase in opportunistic microflora, which can lead to intestinal diseases. When using a large amount of insoluble fiber, on the contrary, it leads to a decrease in microflora in general. This is most likely due to a lack of nutrients and enough nutrients (proteins and fats) in the diet, which are still necessary for the microflora.
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| 11 IMPACT OF A HIGH-FAT AND HIGH-FIBER DIET.pdf | 1.17 MB |
Norovirus infection is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to analyze the antigenic properties of the VP1 protein of norovirus GII.4 Sydney [P16] circulating in Russia. The analysis was conducted using in silico methods. VP1 amino acid sequence data was used to identify T-helper and T-killer epitopes, linear and conformational B-cell epitopes to assess the conservation of epitopes, and allergenicity of VP1. T cell epitopes with the highest estimated immunogenicity were identified at positions 207-223 and 378-394 in the S- and P-domains of the protein. The tertiary structure of VP1 was modeled, and 2 linear and 47 conformational B-cell epitopes were identified. In addition to the previously described epitopes, a new putative B-cell epitope was identified at position 307-316 of the P2 subdomain. In silico analysis of the primary and tertiary structure of the norovirus VP1 protein showed that it is not allergenic and has various immunogenic epitopes, potentially capable of inducing T- and B-cell immune responses.
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| 10 IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES.pdf | 737.82 KB |
The purpose of the study was to study the fronto-occipital organization of cerebral circulation during short-term mental stress, as well as to study the relationship between the spatial organization of cerebral circulation during mental stress and the effectiveness of behavior control. In this work, attention was paid to potential typological characteristic – fronto-occipital asymmetry of cerebral circulation. Known data suggest a relationship between changes in the spatial distribution of cerebral circulation and the productivity of mental activity and the effectiveness of behavior control. Using the method of rheoencephalography, 40 students (aged 19–23 years) studied the parameters of cerebral circulation during mental stress (GO/NOGO test). The stimulus material was presented on a monitor using the PsychoPy program. The number of errors was estimated. The rheoencephalogram was recorded using the “Reo-Spectrum” device. The spatial organization of pulse blood supply in the basin of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries in the initial state and during mental stress was assessed by the fronto-occipital gradient. With a short-term mental load, students showed an increase in both general and particular fronto-occipital gradients. A negative correlation was established between the increase in the right-diagonal fronto-occipital gradient (reactive control axis) in the first minute of the mental load and the number of errors in the GO/NOGO test. The prospects of using the fronto-occipital organization of cerebral circulation to predict the effectiveness of mental activity are discussed.
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| 9 STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION.pdf | 343.49 KB |
The Influence of BDNF on Anhedonic Behavior in an In Vivo Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Depression is a significant global medico-societal concern. The serotonin system plays a pivotal role in modulating responses to acute stress and is implicated in the development of depressive and anxiety disorders. Recent research has increasingly focused on the potentially beneficial impacts of activating previously less-studied 5-HT4R and 5-HT7R subtypes on cognitive functions in the context of anxiety and depression. Additionally, intercellular adhesion molecules have been associated with the structural remodeling of neurons related to stress and mood disorders, potentially establishing functional connections with serotonin receptors. Furthermore, it is established that the exogenous administration of the neurotrophic factor BDNF can ameliorate the functioning of serotonergic neurons in the brains of rodents. This study aimed to investigate the influence of exogenously administered BDNF on the expression of 5-HT4R, 5-HT7R, and CD44 during a depressive-like state induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in C57Bl/6 mice. The findings demonstrated that intranasal BDNF administration at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg for seven days sustained normal sucrose preference levels in animals following 21 days of CUMS exposure. While BDNF treatment did not impact the CUMS-induced reduction in mRNA expression of 5-HT4R and 5-HT7R across examined brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), it did prevent the decrease in CD44 and TrkB receptor expression levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, it maintained BDNF expression levels in the cortex, although not in other brain regions. These results suggest that the application of BDNF in CUMS models has an antidepressant effect without directly affecting serotonin receptors, but probably by modulating 5-HT7R-CD44 interactions.
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| 8 THE INFLUENCE OF BDNF ON ANHEDONIC BEHAVIOR.pdf | 987.86 KB |
In 2010, the first scientific study was published on genome-wide data on ancient DNA belonging to a male of the Paleo-Eskimo culture, who lived about 4000 years ago. Since then, advances in DNA techniques have made it possible to sequence hundreds and thousands of ancient genomes. Today, 13 years later, scientists have obtained genome data from more than 10,000 ancient humans, and data accumulation continues at an exponential rate. The vast majority of the studied ancient genomes were obtained from various places in the territory of Eurasia, which is distinguished by the huge diversity of its genes, cultures, and languages. Here we give an overview of the migration, mixing and continuity of the human population across the territory of Eurasia, starting from the period of its settlement by modern people and ending with the most mobile period in the history of mankind - the Iron Age.
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| 7 GENETIC HISTORY OF EURASIA BEFORE THE COMMON ERA.pdf | 601.82 KB |
Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a complex phenotype caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. In past decades several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta-analyses identified up to 500 SNPs linked to externalizing pathology in Western Europeans. However, a question on their relevance to ASB in Eastern Europeans (i.e., Russians) remains open. Therefore, the present study aimed to replicate the effect of SNPs obtained from externalizing behavior GWAS meta-analysis on homicide behavior considering a possible modulating effect of social/lifestyle factors. We have selected top six SNPs (p < 10–21) from recent GWAS meta-analysis of ASB (Karlsson Linnér et al., 2021) including CADM2 rs993137, ZIC4 rs2279829, REV3L rs458806, XKR6 rs4240671, SORCS3 rs11596214, and BDNF rs6265. Subsequent genotyping was performed in the sample of homicide offenders (N = 227, 7% women) and corresponding control group (N = 254). A series of logistic regression (PLINK v.1.09) confirmed the association of REV3L rs458806 in the total sample (p = 0.044, OR = 1.346), while SORCS3 rs11596214, ZIC4 rs2279829, XKR6 rs4240671 demonstrated their association with criminal behavior in the subgroups including smoking, low-educated offenders, individuals with psychopathologies and conflicts in families. Our findings replicated the effect of REV3L, SORCS3, ZIC4, and XKR6 genetic variants on ASB in the Russian cohort under a moderating impact of social/lifestyle factors. However, the effect of social/lifestyle factors including sex, somatic diseases, and smoking on escalating antisocial behavior exceeded that of examined genetic variants.
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| 6 ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR- NATURE VS. NURTURE.pdf | 632.3 KB |
The focus of this review is on evaluating the contribution of various regulatory mechanisms of calcium metabolism to the execution of key microglial functions such as patrolling, migration, proliferation, polarization, as well as mitochondrial plasticity and inflammasome assembly. We address current issues on the regulation of calcium homeostasis in microglial cells and microglia-like cells (MLCs). A concise historical overview of microglia and MLCs is provided, followed by an analysis of their functioning in both normal and pathological conditions. We refer to the functional classification of various calcium channels and transporters expressed in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of microglia along with elucidation of the mechanisms leading to elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in microglial cell upon their activation. Then, we discuss the contribution of NAD+-glycohydrolase/CD38 to the regulation of calcium homeostasis in microglia. The review highlights contemporary approaches for manipulating microglial calcium metabolism with potential implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation. Additionally, we briefly mention on modern imaging methods for studying calcium signaling in microglia. Thus, we summarize current data that shed the light on the intricate interplay between calcium regulation and microglial function in brain (patho)physiology. It also offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies and visualization techniques in the context of diagnostics and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation.
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| 5 REGULATION OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS IN MICROGLIA.pdf | 1.21 MB |
The ability to track some structural changes in enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) by observing its fluorescence makes EGFP a convenient object for studying the protein denaturation process and the influence of some factors on denaturation, in particular, the presence of nanoparticles. In this work, we studied the EGFP fluorescence during its de- and renaturation processes, as well as the influence of the addition of iron oxide nanoparticles on EGFP fluorescence and these processes. Kinetic measurements of denaturation revealed some details of this process. During renaturation, we managed to achieve a 60% recovery of EGFP fluorescence compared to the native protein. We also demonstrated significant effects of the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron nanoparticles approximately doubled the denaturation rate and suppressed protein renaturation.
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| 4 STUDY OF THE ENHANCED GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN.pdf | 934.24 KB |
1,2,4-trioxolanes were obtained by the ozonation of fish oil with a mixture of oxygen and ozone to study their physicochemical properties. The biological activity of 1,2,4-trioxolanes with betulin from birch bark extract in fish oil was evaluated under hypoxia and immobilization stress in rats. 1,2,4-trioxolanes composition led to LPO indexes normalization (malondialdehyde, Schiff bases, diene and triene conjugates), the activation of NADP/H and NAD/H-dependent enzymes (GR, G6PDH, LDH, AlDH), as well as SOD and catalase, under stress in rats. Thus, we estimated 1,2,4-trioxolanes with betulin in fish oil to regulate oxidative and energy metabolism under hypoxia and immobilization stress in rats. The findings show that studied composition can be useful to prevent and treat the diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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| 3 THE EFFECT OF 1,2,4-TRIOXOLANES WITH BETULIN IN FISH OIL.pdf | 1.14 MB |
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located in the northeastern part of Russia, is characterized by an extremely cold climate, to which the indigenous people is adapted. Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase of the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the indigenous population. It is known that polymorphisms of the mitochondrial genome, in particular, the 16189C variant of hypervariable segment I (HVS-I), may contribute to the development of T2DM. The aim of the study was to assess the association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) HVS-I polymorphisms with the type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Sakha (Yakut) population. Sequencing of HVS-I mtDNA in 102 patients with T2DM and 101 non-diabetic controls revealed 67 haplotypes and 64 SNP variants. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of detected HVS-I polymorphisms and haplotypes between the two groups, which indicates the absence of a close association between HVS-I polymorphisms and T2DM in the Sakha population.
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| 2 SEARCH FOR ASSOCIATIONS OF MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME.pdf | 463.22 KB |
Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is a condition associated with prolonged dysfunctional adaptation to physical exercise and a long-term imbalance between training and recovery that results in decreased sports performance lasting from several weeks to months with serious consequences for the health of athletes. The problem of diagnosis and prevention of OTS remains relevant, as the diagnosis is often made retrospectively. Currently, no clear reliable biochemical or functional markers for early detection of OTS are described, and the features of pathogenesis of this syndrome remain unclear. The present overview describes the basic theories of OTS development, the main biomarkers and their diagnostic significance, as well as some novel parameters and methods that may be possibly perspective for early detection of OTS.
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| 1 OVERTRAINING SYNDROME- PECULIARITIES AND PERSPECTIVES.pdf | 428.94 KB |
Given the complexity and huge variety of human diseases and areas of medicine aimed at reducing or eliminating the negative consequences of various disorders in the normal functioning of complex systems, it is important to study these complex processes in model organisms. This article provides a short overview of human diseases and some applied areas of medicine in which some progress has been made through the study of model animals. In the future, new knowledge obtained on various animal models can be used to elucidate the etiology of disorders, with subsequent implementation in clinical medicine.
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| 12 MODEL ANIMALS USED IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.pdf | 376.87 KB |
COVID-19 is a disease first reported in 2019 that claimed the lives of more than 6.5 million people worldwide, paralyzed transport links and locked the borders of many states for a long time. In 2023, 3 years have passed since, yet not all countries have fully recovered and lifted the restrictions, which, of course, highlights that COVID-19 has had a huge impact on all aspects of modern life. The pandemic has given a strong impetus to the development of science and the study of COVID-19 and infectious diseases in general around the world, many articles on COVID-19 have been published in the past 3 years. Particularly interesting was the fact that while some people were asymptomatic, had mild COVID-19, other patients required mechanical ventilation and even medically induced coma. In this regard, the study of the genetic factors contributing to the severe course of the disease, comorbidities and the individual response to drugs has become especially relevant. In our work, we consider the main genes and entire loci of chromosomes involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Genes such as IFNAR2, TMPRSS2, ACE2, TYK2, DPP9, HLA, OAS3, ABO, 3p21.31 locus and 12q24.13 locus have been considered; in addition, the association of severe COVID-19 with diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity was discussed.
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| 11 GENETIC BASIS FOR SEVERE COVID-19_0.pdf | 396.9 KB |
Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium found in various environmental conditions. One of the pathogenicity factors is hemolytic toxin II, which belongs to the group of β-barrel pore-forming toxins. HlyII B. cereus differs from other β- barrel pore-forming toxins by having a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues. In this work, the binding sites of monoclonal antibodies obtained against recombinant HlyIICTD on the protein surface were determined. Using monoclonal antibodies, it was shown that HlyIICTD interacts with the erythrocyte membrane in a strictly defined manner. The localization of epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies suggested that the binding site of HlyIICTD with the membrane is localized in the C-terminal region of HlyIICTD molecule.
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| 10 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO THE C-TERMINAL.pdf | 696.61 KB |
Biomedical research often requires the use of precise equipment for micromanipulation, particularly in cellular biology. However, relatively inexpensive devices for cellular manipulation with electrophysiological methods or local chemical application with micrometer accuracy are rarely available in the equipment market. In this study, we present a method to develop a micromanipulator device based on stepper motors that is controlled by a microcontroller via a gamepad. This micro-motion system can be easily produced in any laboratory for various scientific experiments that require the movement of the electrode or pipette with a precision of several micrometers.
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| 9 LOW-COST MICROMANIPULATOR DEVICE FABRICATION.pdf | 6.35 MB |
Objectives: to analyze early postoperative arrhythmias in patients after surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation, correction of valvular pathology and sympathetic denervation of the pulmonary arteries in order to correct high pulmonary hypertension. Materials and methods: the study included patients with diagnosed mitral valve disease complicated by atrial fibrillation and high-grade pulmonary hypertension (40 mm Hg or more). All studied patients underwent mitral valve replacement, Maze IV biatrial surgery. In contrast to the patients in the study group, pulmonary artery denervation was not performed in the control group. On the first day after transfer to the ward from the intensive care unit, patients were fitted with a wearable cardiorecorder, which provides continuous ECG recording of one lead with automatically machine analysis with the formation of a pre-medical conclusion. Results: In all studies, a mechanism was implemented for remote ECG transmission of data in the "real time" mode for evaluation by a cardiologist. The study group demonstrated the best recovery and preservation of sinus rhythm in the early postoperative period. 92% of the patient had sinus rhythm, while in the control group this indicator was - 81% (p = 0.05). Radiofrequency denervation of the pulmonary arteries is a safe and effective method for correcting high pulmonary hypertension and helps to maintain sinus rhythm after the concomitant Maze IV procedure (p = 0.05). The use of automatic cardiac screening has demonstrated the feasibility of detecting early arrhythmias in automatic mode with the possibility of timely personalized correction of antiarrhythmic therapy and treatment tactics in general.
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| 8 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS BY AUTOMATIC.pdf | 521.28 KB |
Various studies have led to our present knowledge of α1-adrenoreceptors and their role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Our study aimed to study the effect of the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine on the frequency of spontaneous activity and electrical activity parameters of the atrial myocardium with a preserved sinus node and an imposed rhythm in newborn rats. In working cardiomyocytes of newborn rats with a preserved sinus node, methoxamine caused an increase in the frequency of spontaneous activity. α1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine increased the duration of the repolarization phase of the action potential in both the imposed and the own rhythm.
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| 7 METHOXAMINE PLAYS A ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF THE.pdf | 646.03 KB |
A comparative analysis of the effects of serotonin (200 μg/kg), dopamine (60 μg/kg), promethazine (2 mg/kg) and sulpiride (1 mg/kg) administered once intraperitoneally on heart rate variability in male non-linear rats was carried out. Serotonin and dopamine do not change heart rate, but increase the centralization index by 122% (p < 0.05), serotonin due to an increase in the power of LF waves by 136% (p < 0.05), dopamine due to a downward trend power of HF waves by 51% (p < 0.1) compared to the control. Promethazine reduces the power of LF and VLF waves by 64-66% (p < 0.05) and the index of centralization (p < 0.01), while the proportion of HF waves in the spectrum increases to 75%, which is higher than the control (p < 0.01). Sulpiride increases heart rate frequency by 25% (p < 0.01) and the index of centralization (p < 0.001), reduces the power of HF-waves by 70 % (p < 0.001) from the initial state, increases the power of LF-of waves by 336% and VLF-waves by 197% (p < 0.001), so the total proportion of LF and VLF waves increases to 85%, which is higher than the control (p < 0.05). The results suggest that peripheral serotoninergic and dopaminergic mechanisms have opposite effects on heart rate variability.
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| 6 EFFECT OF LIGANDS OF SEROTONIN.pdf | 440.03 KB |
This research evaluates particularities of surface structural organization of surgical samples of intracapsular distracted formations in treating post-traumatic fibrous ankylosis of proximal interphalangeal joints by means of scanning electron microscopy. The research is carried out on small-fragment samples of intracapsular formations collected in the course of treatment from 8 patients of the Microsurgical Department. Morphological evaluation of the surface of two types of samples was performed: that of proximal interphalangeal joint capsules, and of the regenerate itself. Structural analysis of the surgical samples allowed to identify considerable differences both in form and size of single structure-forming elements, and in their organizational types. It was established that the regenerate has a more compact structure. In the course of microanalysis of elemental composition, it was ascertained that mass percentage of calcium and phosphorus in the examined regenerate samples is 4.4 and 2.2 times respectively higher compared to the capsule samples. These results could be used in further research into approaches to the evaluation of connective tissue regeneration after surgeries, as well as in making recommendations for operative or physiotherapeutic patient treatment in cases of joint capsule distraction.
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| 5 POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.pdf | 1.33 MB |
