The article presents the peculiarities of adaptive reactions of heart work to functional tests in young badminton players and children not engaged in sports at the age of 8-12 years. Continuous recording of electrocardiogram registration of children during the whole research protocol was carried out. It was shown that there are reliable changes of electrocardiographic parameters of heart work on active orthostatic test, as well as on the test with breath-holding. The analysis of electrocardiogram showed the presence of adaptive mechanisms of cardiovascular system of badminton players at the initial stage of sports training, it reflects a higher level of body fitness and contractility of the heart.
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Purulent-septic skin infections occupy a leading position in the morbidity structure of newborns in obstetric hospitals, with Staphylococcus aureus identified as the primary etiological agent. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) enables the acquisition of highly detailed genomic data on the spectra of pathogenicity genes, the mobilome, and the resistome of epidemic strains, as well as facilitating intraspecific typing of isolates. Aim of the study: To apply WGS technology to gain new insights into the genetic characteristics of S. aureus strains isolated during a period of epidemic occurrence in an obstetric hospital. This study employed WGS along with a range of bioinformatic tools, including dendrogram construction, calculation of average nucleotide identity (ANI) indices, and genetic mapping. The analysis established that the etiological agent of the epidemic outbreak of pemphigus neonatorum was a population of hospital-associated S. aureus ST121 t435 strains, isolated from both a healthcare worker and affected newborns. Strains of this genotype had not previously been associated with staphyloderma and were characterized by the presence of the eta gene (exfoliative toxin A) and two prophage-associated determinants of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, suggesting a high potential for horizontal gene transfer and dissemination among other S. aureus strains circulating within the hospital environment. Seven strains demonstrated resistance to oxacillin, attributed to modifications in native penicillin-binding proteins – an alternative mechanism to the well-known mec-mediated methicillin resistance pathway. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating WGS technologies into molecular epidemiological surveillance in obstetric healthcare settings.
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| 11_133-146.pdf | 1.57 MB |
The aim is to determine the role of polymorphic loci of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α genes in families of patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases. Materials and methods: Molecular genetic identification of H. pylori was carried out by PCR. Determination of cytokine gene polymorphisms (IL-1β (-31T/C), TNF-α (-308 G/A), IL-10 (-592C/A) and (+1082G/A) in 108 individuals – family members of individuals with chronic H. pylori-associated gastritis, was carried out by allele-specific PCR in real time. Results: H. pylori DNA was detected in 55.6% of patients' relatives, which is higher than the average prevalence in Russia (35.3%) and the Volga Federal District (33.0%). The distribution of gene polymorphisms of the studied cytokines in relatives of patients with and without H. pylori infection differed significantly. In H. pylori-infected family members, the T/T genotype and T allele of IL-1β (-31T/C), the C/C genotype of IL-10 (-592 C/A), and the G/G genotype of TNFα (-308 G/A) were significantly more frequently detected. No significant differences in IL-10 polymorphisms (+1082 G/A) were found in H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative individuals. Conclusions: IL 1β (-31T/C) T/T, IL 10 (-592 C/A) C/C, TNFα (-308 G/A) G/G gene polymorphisms increase the risk of H. pylori infection by more than 2 times. Carriers of such genotypes constitute a risk group for H. pylori-associated diseases, and in case of subclinical infection they are a source of infection and reinfection of relatives. Identification and treatment of infected family members is an important task in preventing the spread and recurrence of H. pylori infection.
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| 10_123-132.pdf | 803.53 KB |
The effect of a surgical laser on the physicochemical properties of molecules of two model proteins was studied: human immunoglobulin IgG and bovine serum albumin. After exposure to laser radiation, the optical density of protein solutions changes, the fluorescence intensity decreases, and the refractive index of the solutions does not change significantly. No massive damage or ruptures of the protein polypeptide chain were observed; on the contrary, intense aggregation of protein molecules was recorded. Thus, when exposed to a laser scalpel, partial denaturation and aggregation processes prevail in IgG and bovine serum albumin solutions, and aromatic amino acid residues are damaged to a lesser extent.
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| 09_114-122.pdf | 1.08 MB |
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high mutational load and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, new approaches in the treatment of CRC include viral mimicry aimed at activating the expression of retroelements to stimulate the immune response against cancer. However, the role of activated retroelements in CRC carcinogenesis must be considered. Retroelements are implicated in CRC-specific chromothripsis and one of the highest percentages of retroelement insertions in CRC of any cancer type has been identified. In addition, retroelements are evolutionarily and functionally related to long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs. Therefore, a differentiated approach is needed in targeted therapy of CRC using circular RNAs as tools (as the most stable non-coding RNAs) to control the activity of retroelements. This article describes the analysis of scientific literature on the relationship in the mechanisms of CRC development of retroelements with circular RNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Data on the functioning of specific circular RNAs as tumor suppressors and oncogenes with their influence on microRNA and the expression of protein-coding genes are systematized. The nature of changes in the expression of transposon-derived microRNAs interacting with circRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in CRC is presented. The obtained data may form the basis for more correct epigenetic therapy of CRC with activation of only those retroelements that are not involved in CRC carcinogenesis.
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| 08_89-113.pdf | 1.47 MB |
Hypoxia is a common pathological condition that contributes to the development of various neurological disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) represents a promising therapeutic target for enhancing resistance to hypoxia and correcting neuronal dysfunction in the post-hypoxic period. In this study, the effects of two classes of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitors on the resistance of C57BL/6 mice to hypoxic injury were investigated. The findings demonstrated that the HIF-PHD inhibitors Roxadustat and Adaptaquin exert a neuroprotective effect in hypoxic conditions by increasing the animals' resistance to acute hypobaric hypoxia. Among the tested compounds, Adaptaquin at a dose of 10 mg/kg exhibited the highest efficacy, reducing neuronal damage and edema in the prefrontal cortex during the post-hypoxic period and promoting the recovery of cognitive and motor functions. These results suggest the potential of HIF-PHD inhibitors for the treatment of hypoxic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 07_74-88.pdf | 1.47 MB |
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent pathologies worldwide, and myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The development of MI is accompanied by profound alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes, including a decrease in the amplitude and propagation velocity of the action potential. These changes lead to disturbances in excitability and impulse conduction not only in the affected region but also throughout the entire heart. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these alterations is crucial for developing novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics of electrical activity changes in the right atrial myocardium at different stages of left ventricular myocardial infarction (MI) development in rats. Experimental MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. We evaluated the effects of acute, subacute, and long-term consequences MI phases on the amplitude-time characteristics of action potentials in working right atrial cardiomyocytes.
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| 06_68-73.pdf | 357.05 KB |
Methacrylic resins (MAR) are highly sought-after materials for contemporary additive manufacturing of products, exhibiting a broad spectrum of applications. In order to impart new biological properties to the products printed using MSLA-technology, metal titanium nanoparticles (0.001-0.1 w.%) were added to the MAR composition. Samples of composite materials (MAR/Ti-NPs) were printed from the obtained modified resins. The present study demonstrated the ability of the obtained composite materials to enhance the formation of hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide molecules, to cause oxidative damage to DNA and protein molecules, and to significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli bacterial cultures and cause the death of bacterial cells during prolonged contact with the investigated material samples. The investigations conducted to assess the impact of the obtained composite materials on the proliferation and maturation of HSF cells have indicated an elevated degree of cytocompatibility.
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| 05_58-67.pdf | 714.84 KB |
This study investigated the production, purification, and vitro cytotoxic potential of L-glutaminase derived from Bacillus subtilis. Twenty-five bacterial isolates were recovered from diverse soil samples. Identification of B. subtilis was confirmed using standard biochemical assays, differential media, and the VITEK 2 automated system. Screening for L-glutaminase production identified B. subtilis isolate B7 as exhibiting the highest activity, with a crude enzyme-specific activity of 15.8 U/mg. Optimization of enzyme production parameters revealed glucose and yeast extract as optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, under controlled conditions of 40 °C and pH 6. L-glutaminase was purified using a four-step protocol: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and salt precipitation. Gel filtration chromatography resulted in the highest specific activity (754.6 U/mg), representing a 15.2-fold purification and a 21.1% yield relative to the crude extract. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of crude and purified L-glutaminase were evaluated using the MTT assay against the A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and WRL 68 (normal human liver) cell lines. Paclitaxel, a known chemotherapeutic agent, was a positive control for cytotoxicity against A549 cells. Treatment of A549 cells with purified L-glutaminase induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with a concentration of 400 µg/ml achieving maximal inhibition. These findings suggest that purified L-glutaminase from B. subtilis B7 demonstrates significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cells and merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic candidate.
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| 04_43-57.pdf | 1.09 MB |
Pollutants, especially hydrocarbon oil pollutants, are among the most important problems spread worldwide due to the environmental and health problems to all forms of life, especially humans. Therefore, it is important today to find environmentally friendly and low-cost treatment methods to decrease the high risk of pollutants. In this study, the single-celled green algae including Chlorococcum humicola was used to treat different concentrations of anthracene. The results of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique revealed that the alga used had high treatment efficiency, as naphthalene disappeared at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm after day 12 of treatment. In addition, the results also showed the possibility of using the algae as a carbon source for anthracene.
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| 03_27-42.pdf | 1.11 MB |
Redox dynamics in mononuclear cells during phagocytosis and post-exposure to UV radiation was evaluated in vitro. Mononuclear cells were isolated from rat blood using density gradient centrifugation. Phagocytosis was activated via latex beads, and redox processes were monitored at 1, 30, and 60 minutes in control samples and after UV exposure at doses of 1, 5, and 15 J/m2. Cell viability post-phagocytosis was assessed using propidium iodide staining and cytofluorimetry. Redox processes in phagocytes were evaluated by measuring fluorescence of tryptophan, Schiff bases and glycated proteins, alongside absorption spectra/florescence levels of metabolic coenzymes FAD, NAD(P) and NAD(P)H and their ratios. In controls, cell viability decreased by 15.2% after 60 minutes of phagocytosis, while tryptophan, NAD(P), and NAD(P)H levels remained stable. Concentrations of Schiff bases and glycated proteins doubled. UV radiation significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 15 J/m2, 80.99% of cells were nonviable after 60 minutes of phagocytosis. This dose also caused a 21.42-fold decrease in tryptophan fluorescence, a 3.8-fold reduction in Schiff bases/ glycated proteins, and declined metabolic coenzyme levels. Ratios of NAD(P)H/FAD and NAD(P)H/NAD(P) decreased post-UV exposure, indicating oxidative dominance and NAD(P)H deficiency. However, despite UV-induced cytotoxicity, all experimental series, regardless of the dose of UV discharge, maintained control trends: non-enzymatic glycation products (Schiff bases, glycated proteins) increased, and the NAD(P)H/FAD ratio rose due to reduced coenzyme accumulation during phagocytosis. This suggests that phagocytic redox pathways persist under UV stress, albeit at diminished intensity.
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| 02_13-26.pdf | 1.12 MB |
Background: Saliva is an important body fluid that aids in digestion and contains a repertoire of important biomarkers. This research aimed to investigate the role of sodium bicarbonate toothpaste in regulating salivary indexes. Materials and Methods: The study involved taking saliva samples from healthy and fasting adult, male volunteers, aged between 20 to 45 years old. The samples were taken randomly and stratified, from 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. The levels of metalloproteinase-8, interleukin-1β, pH, salivary flow rate, and α-amylase were measured, and the effects of sodium bicarbonate toothpaste application were investigated. Results: The levels of metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-1β in smokers were significantly elevated, with more acidic saliva but reduced salivary flow rate and α-amylase. With the application of sodium bicarbonate, there were significant reductions in metalloproteinase-8 and interleukin-1β, with substantial improvement in pH, salivary flow rate, and α-amylase in both smokers and non-smokers. Conclusion: This study confirmed the negative effects of smoking. The use of sodium bicarbonate toothpaste enhanced oral health by reducing the pro-inflammatory biomarkers while improving the pH, salivary flow rate, and α-amylase.
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| 01_5-12.pdf | 702.27 KB |
Previously, it was assumed that somatic cells in male and female individuals had the same molecular pathways of ontogenesis. However, it has been shown that the course of various pathologies is associated with, among other things, genetic sexual dimorphism. It is known that glial cells are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, while the effect of sex chromosomes in glial cells has not been studied to date
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| 15_155-162.pdf | 642.82 KB |
Microarrays are one of the modern technologies for analyzing biological polymers (DNA, RNA, antibodies, etc.). The main advantage of microarrays is the ability to simultaneously analyze a large number of different molecules in one sample. Microarrays are actively used to develop diagnostic tools, including in the analysis of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens. The relevance of studying community-acquired pneumonia is determined by the consistently high incidence, diversity of pathogens and their high genetic variability, as well as the recent spread of a new coronavirus infection. This review describes microarray technologies used to solve fundamental and clinical problems in the study of pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and some other respiratory infections.
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| 14_136-154.pdf | 1.77 MB |
Previously, we reported that the hypomagnetic field obtained by the 100-fold deprivation of the geomagnetic field affected human cognitive processes as estimated in four different cognitive tests. The 40-minute exposure to the hypomagnetic field caused a statistically significant increase both in the task processing time and in the number of errors. The magnetic effect averaged over 40 healthy subjects was about 1.7%. In the present work, the results of a simultaneous study are described, in which the right eye of each subject was video recorded, while the subject performed the tasks. The pupil size increased in the hypomagnetic field. This effect has been calculated by processing the large data set of a few million video frames. The average magnetic effect was about 1.6% (<<0.01, ANOVA, factor of subjects - fixed). Given the heterogeneity, the effect was close to being significant (0.07, ANOVA, factor of subjects - random). The simultaneous recordings of magnetic reactions both for the different cognitive tests and for the eye pupil size were not correlated. These findings provide experimental confirmation of the random nature of the non-specific magnetic biological effects in humans.
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| 13_127-135.pdf | 638.23 KB |
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most common causes of death from gynecological cancer in women world-wide. As is known, the course of ovarian cancer depends on many factors, including genetic and epigenetic disorders. MicroRNAs are currently considered one of the most promising prognostic and diagnostic markers for solid tumors. The purpose of this work was to investigate the DNA methylation level of miR-663a and miR-663b in 25 paired tissue samples from patients with an established diagnosis of ovarian cancer and various histological and clinical characteristics by MS-HRM method. Our results indicate a lower frequency of miR-663a methylation in ovarian tumor tissues (0.09% ± 0.01) compared to histologically normal tissues 0.16% ± 0.01 (p = 0.01). However, an analysis of the miR-663a and miR-663b microRNA gene methylation level in patients with different clinical parameters, including the stage of disease development, the degree of cell differentiation, the occurrence of distant and regional metastases, as well as therapeutic pathomorphosis, not identify statistically significant differences in the methylation levels of these mi-croRNA genes with any of the clinical characteristics, p > 0.05. Thus, our results indicate a potential role of aberrant methylation of the miR-663a microRNA gene in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis. However, additional researches on larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results obtained.
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| 12_117-126.pdf | 1.86 MB |
Introduction: acute limb ischemia is characterized by a sudden and severe reduction in blood supply to the limb, posing a critical threat to its viability. The incidence of complications associated with ALI remains significantly high. Currently, there is no consensus regarding which preoperative factors influence the incidence of complications in different revascularization methods, nor to what extent they contribute to postoperative outcomes. An analysis of the key predictors of complications will facilitate the development of preventive strategies and establish criteria for selecting the most appropriate treatment approach for ALI. Materials and methods: this study analyzes the outcomes of two treatment methods for ALI classified as Rutherford class II: open surgical intervention (Group I, n = 50) and endovascular procedures (Group II, n = 50). Results and discussion: the composition and impact of preoperative risk factors differed between the two revascularization methods. In the open surgery group, patients with an inflammatory, hypovolemic, or thrombophilic etiology of ALI (11) demonstrated a higher likelihood of an unfavorable postoperative course. Additionally, advanced patient age (7.1), Rutherford ischemia class IIB (0.2), a history of CAD (6.1), DM (9.2), CKD (12.1), and RF (8.5) were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative complications. In the endovascular revascularization group, among perioperative risk factors, the following variables demonstrated significant associations with postoperative complications: CAD (4.9), CKD (12.4), DM (5.28), RF (11), and Rutherford ischemia class IIB (0.2). Conclusion: selecting an appropriate revascularization method based on an individualized risk factor profile for each patient can effectively reduce the incidence of complications in the early postoperative period.
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| 11_106-116.pdf | 1012.94 KB |
Relevance: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome occurring with a frequency of 1:3164. NF1 is characterized by severe clinical manifestations with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors, plexiform neurofibromas, skeletal abnormalities and cognitive disorders. The study of the genetic causes of NF1 can become the basis for prenatal diagnosis and the use of new methods of treating the disease. Materials and methods: clinical and epidemiological study of NF1 patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan, sequencing the NF1 gene in their DNA samples as well as whole genome sequencing using the WGS method. To search for the pathogenic variants we found in publications by other authors, we analyzed the Scopus, WoS, ClinVar, PubMed, and SNP databases. Results: the frequency of occurrence of NF1 in the republic is 1:7407. 23 nonsense pathogenic variants in 21 exons of the NF1 gene were identified in 39 NF1 patients from 26 families. Discussion and conclusion: the frequency of development of the main clinical manifestations of NF1 in patients from the republic corresponds to data from around the world, however, plexiform neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, short stature and decreased intelligence were detected significantly less frequently. Of the 23 nonsense pathogenic variants we identified, 16 pathogenic variants were previously described by researchers from various countries, and 7 pathogenic variants: NM_001042492.3:c.55G>T (NP_001035957.1:p.Glu19Ter), NM_001042492.3:c.2806A>T (NP_001035957.1:p.Lys936Ter), NM_001042492.3:c.3284T>A ( NP_001035957.1:p.Leu1095Ter), NM_001042492.3:c.5014G>T ( NP_001035957.1:p.Gly1672Ter), NM_001042492.3:c.5242C>T (NP_001035957.1:p.Arg1748Ter), NM_001042492.3:c.7365T>G (NP_001035957.1:p.Tyr2455Ter) and NM_001042492.3:c.7482G>A (NP_001035957.1:p.Trp2494Ter) have been identified for the first time in the word. Patients with nonsense pathogenic variants have significantly higher rates of brain tumors and epilepsy compared to all NF1 patients in the republic.
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| 10_91-105.pdf | 2.79 MB |
This paper presents the possibilities of using the Unity engine to create the research software for cognitive neuroscience using the brain-to-brain synchrony paradigm. Neurofeedback software for neuroscience research in the brain-to-brain synchrony paradigm is represented by software that allows to implement three research protocols based on the EEG signals recording: the “eyes-to-picture” in the double glasses HTC VIVE PRO protocol, the “eyes-to-eyes”/“ face-to-face” protocol and the “eyes-to-screens” protocol. The presented brain-to-brain synchrony software solution for the implementation of different protocols is a digital platform allowing to perform hyperscanning of electrical activity of the cerebral cortex simultaneously in several persons and thus study the functions of higher neural networks of socially determined areas of the cerebral cortex.
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| 09_83-90.pdf | 1.75 MB |
There is currently a significant lack of information on genetic diversity Mycoplasma hominis, associated with urogenital tract infections in the world. Extended survey multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide se- quences of the genome of Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates isolated in the Nizhny Novgorod region was conducted using NGS technology. Molecular profiling based on MLST sequence typing of housekeeping genes (ST-type) (gyrB, tuf, ftsY, uvrA, gap) and MVLST virulence genes (VT-type) (p120', vaa, lmp1, lmp3, p60) was defined with using the server https://pubmlst.org. Extended eMLST typing of Russian Mycoplasma hominis isolates was conducted for the first time. 78 new allelic variants of genes uvrA, gyrB, ftsY, tuf, gap, p120′, vaa, lmp1, lmp3, p60 Mycoplasma hominis isolates were deposited in the PubMLST database. Based on phylogenetic analysis, a high degree of genetic diversity of mycoplasma isolates has been established, the first ones are identified and deposited into the database PubMLST new previously undescribed ten sequence (ST) and ten pathotypes (VT) of Mycoplasma hominis Russian isolates.
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| 08_72-82.pdf | 1.38 MB |
