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A major problem of medicine is the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. This is due to their frequency, the severity of anatomical and functional disorders, as well as the complexity of social adaptation of patients. Cleft lip and palate are highly common malformations with a significant variation of risk factors. The updating of epidemiological data in certain regions of Russia makes it possible to identify the dominant causal mechanisms of the occurrence of defects, to determine the necessary directions for improving preventive and diagnostic measures, treatment and tactics of dispensary supervision of patients. The analysis of the incidence of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia over the past 19 years has been carried out. The risk factors for the development of anomalies, the structure of morbidity, the type and nature of the therapeutic measures carried out were determined.

The study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of both elements (potassium and calcium) on some variables in the microscopic examination of semen (account and shape of sperms and their rate of movement within the semen plasma). In this study, 60 semen samples were collected from healthy people and divided into three groups based on the test results. Group (A) represented samples with positive results, and group (B) represented the average test results. At the same time, group (C) included weak results. The results were obtained after comparing the extent of the effect of calcium and potassium on the number, shape and movement of sperms between the three groups. The results showed that potassium had a significant effect on the number of sperm cells and the nature of movement in group (A) at the level of probability (P ≤ 0.05). In group (B), the effect of potassium on the percentage of normal-shaped sperm cells was observed. In group (C), the effect of potassium level on the shape ratios of normal and abnormal cells. For calcium element, the study's results showed the effect of calcium element in group (A) on the percentage of motile cells, and the same effect of calcium applies to group (B). As for group (C), the effect of calcium was on the percentage of immobile cells and cells with an abnormal shape. 

Cytokine storms are a major contributor to acute respiratory failure, causing numerous organ dysfunction, including kidney damage, as a result of inflammation-induced tubular injury, particularly evident in COVID-19 infections. This occurrence poses a global health risk. Experimental evidence suggests that naringenin, a natural flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effects of naringenin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung and kidney injuries in mice and determine its relationship with the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Forty-eight Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. Group I received 0.9% normal saline, Group II received 5 mg/kg LPS only, and Groups III and IV received 50 or 100 mg/kg naringenin, respectively, one hour before LPS administration. The effects of naringenin, vehicle, or LPS administration on mortality rate, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α) levels, and lung/renal histological changes were evaluated after 48 hours. The results showed that the naringenin-treated groups exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to Group II. Histological examinations revealed that mice in Group II displayed significant (p ≤ 0.01) lung and renal tissue injuries, while Groups III and IV exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction in pulmonary and renal injuries, as demonstrated by improved macroscopic scores and reduced mortality. The findings of this study strongly suggest that naringenin has potent protective effects in mice against LPS-induced lung damage and associated kidney dysfunction. Consequently, naringenin has promise as a human anti-cytokine storm therapeutic agent.

Prostate cancer (PCa), a challenging ailment, impacts a substantial number of men globally, primarily in prestigious regions. The study aimed to explore the functions of PD-1, PDL-1, PSA, and testosterone markers in detecting the pathogenesis of PCa. Medical City-Baghdad hosted the research from July to October 2021. After examination and diagnosis by the Medical City consultant expert, 40 blood samples (20 benign and 20 malignant) were collected from prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Eight healthy individuals were used as a control group and their blood samples were taken. Patients and controls ranged in age from 20-49. The ELISA technique was employed to assess the levels of program death-1 (PD-1), program death ligand-1 (PDL-1), and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and testosterone parameters. The study found substantial differences (P < 0.05) across age groups and study groups, with malignant patients scoring highest (70.0%) at 40-49 years and benign patients scoring highest (45.0%) at 30-39 years. Elevated levels of PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA are observed in both benign and malignant PCa compared to healthy. Neither benign nor malignant PCa had significantly lower testosterone levels than healthy PCa (P > 0.05). Both PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA show a remarkably high sensitivity (100%) when used to screen patients for prostate cancer. Finally, there is a negative correlation between PSA and PD-1, PDL-1 parameters. The PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA have been found to play significant roles in the development of prostate cancer and have shown high sensitivity in screening for PCa.