Closed-Loop Methods of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Diagnosis and Correction of Cognitive Impairments

Cognitive impairments are among the most common types of neurological disorders that require the creation of reliable diagnostic and correction tools. Along with the development of effective drugs, in recent years a line of research has been actively developing, in which various methods of non-invasive brain stimulation with feedback from the current physiological parameters of a person, and primarily from the rhythmic components of the electroencephalogram (EEG), are successfully used to diagnose and correct cognitive impairments. The purpose of the presented work is to analyze recent publications, consider the achievements of this line of research and highlight the most promising directions for its further development. Studies using transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation, as well as sensory types of stimulation - acoustic, photic and audiovisual stimulations, in which non-invasive stimulation is carried out on the basis of feedback signals from the patient's own bioelectrical processes, are considered. The advantages of EEG-guided light-music stimulation, developed by the authors for the correction of various cognitive disorders, are demonstrated.