A major problem of medicine is the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. This is due to their frequency, the severity of anatomical and functional disorders, as well as the complexity of social adaptation of patients. Cleft lip and palate are highly common malformations with a significant variation of risk factors. The updating of epidemiological data in certain regions of Russia makes it possible to identify the dominant causal mechanisms of the occurrence of defects, to determine the necessary directions for improving preventive and diagnostic measures, treatment and tactics of dispensary supervision of patients. The analysis of the incidence of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia over the past 19 years has been carried out. The risk factors for the development of anomalies, the structure of morbidity, the type and nature of the therapeutic measures carried out were determined.
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 08_Алешина_86-93.pdf | 562.94 KB |
Breast cancer (BC) is the predominant type of cancer among the female population in Iraq, and one of the most common causes of death among females. Through the period from 2018 until 2020, A total of eighty- two Formalin Fixed-Paraffin embedded FFPE tissue blocks were collected from the archive of Histopathology Department in Teaching Laboratories of Medical City, Teaching Hospital of Al-Yarmouk, and a privately-owned laboratory in Baghdad, Iraq. The clinical information regarding age, gender, tumor size, tumor stage and grade, lymph nodes metastasis, in addition to the findings of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and receptor of human epidermal growth factor (HER)-2 were acquired from carefully reviewing patients' medical records and pathology reports. Results showed that a high incidence of BC in patients at sixth and decades of age, most of tumors′ specimens were within group size of (2-5 cm) in both malignant and benign groups, comprising 57.14% and 80% respectively, the most prevalent histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) encompassing 73.8%. About 59.52% of cases had positive lymph node tumor metastasis, the majority of cases were in grade II 64%. Stage III of the disease had highest rate, most of the cases were ER positive (66%), PR positive (57%) and for the HER most of the cases were HER negative.
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| 07_Mohammed_69-85.pdf | 1.68 MB |
The study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of both elements (potassium and calcium) on some variables in the microscopic examination of semen (account and shape of sperms and their rate of movement within the semen plasma). In this study, 60 semen samples were collected from healthy people and divided into three groups based on the test results. Group (A) represented samples with positive results, and group (B) represented the average test results. At the same time, group (C) included weak results. The results were obtained after comparing the extent of the effect of calcium and potassium on the number, shape and movement of sperms between the three groups. The results showed that potassium had a significant effect on the number of sperm cells and the nature of movement in group (A) at the level of probability (P ≤ 0.05). In group (B), the effect of potassium on the percentage of normal-shaped sperm cells was observed. In group (C), the effect of potassium level on the shape ratios of normal and abnormal cells. For calcium element, the study's results showed the effect of calcium element in group (A) on the percentage of motile cells, and the same effect of calcium applies to group (B). As for group (C), the effect of calcium was on the percentage of immobile cells and cells with an abnormal shape.
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| 06_Hassan_61-68.pdf | 716.14 KB |
The study was carried out in Anbar from September to December 2022 with the aim of identifying genetic variations in the IL-37 subunit gene among persons with chronic hepatitis. We investigated the correlation between the impact of IL-37 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hepatitis B and C virus infections. The four-arm primer approach was employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cohort consisting of 90 patients and 100 healthy controls from the Iraqi population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-37 gene were determined through genotyping. Patients exhibited significantly higher frequencies of the rs2708967 G allele and GG genotype in comparison to controls. On the other hand, the rates of the A allele and AA genotype were comparatively lower, while the frequencies of the AG genotype were same. The patients demonstrated markedly elevated frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype compared to the controls. In addition, they exhibited markedly reduced frequencies of the C allele and CC genotype compared to the control group. The frequencies of CT genotypes, allele A, and AG and AA frequencies for the rs3811047 SNP did not show any significant differences in patients compared to controls. Our work indicates that mutations in the IL-37 gene are responsible for the genetic risk factors that contribute to the high occurrence of HBV and HCV infections in the Iraqi population.
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| 05_Meena_52-60.pdf | 681.9 KB |
Cytokine storms are a major contributor to acute respiratory failure, causing numerous organ dysfunction, including kidney damage, as a result of inflammation-induced tubular injury, particularly evident in COVID-19 infections. This occurrence poses a global health risk. Experimental evidence suggests that naringenin, a natural flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effects of naringenin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung and kidney injuries in mice and determine its relationship with the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Forty-eight Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. Group I received 0.9% normal saline, Group II received 5 mg/kg LPS only, and Groups III and IV received 50 or 100 mg/kg naringenin, respectively, one hour before LPS administration. The effects of naringenin, vehicle, or LPS administration on mortality rate, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α) levels, and lung/renal histological changes were evaluated after 48 hours. The results showed that the naringenin-treated groups exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to Group II. Histological examinations revealed that mice in Group II displayed significant (p ≤ 0.01) lung and renal tissue injuries, while Groups III and IV exhibited a significant (p ≤ 0.01) reduction in pulmonary and renal injuries, as demonstrated by improved macroscopic scores and reduced mortality. The findings of this study strongly suggest that naringenin has potent protective effects in mice against LPS-induced lung damage and associated kidney dysfunction. Consequently, naringenin has promise as a human anti-cytokine storm therapeutic agent.
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| 04_Marwa Ali_34-51.pdf | 862.08 KB |
The safety of titanium dioxide nano-particles (TiO2NPs) is currently being questioned. TiO2NPs have multiple uses in disinfectants, plastics, cosmetics, and food coloring. Our goal was to determine if administering Baicalin (50 mg/kg body weight) could help lessen the harmful effects caused by TiO2NPs (100 mg/kg body weight) in rats. By reducing kidney damage from TiO2NPs, treatment with Bai led to lower levels of creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), and uric acid (UA). The harmful effects of TiO2NPs can be counteracted by Baicalin, which has demonstrated its ability to protect the kidneys. Additionally, it can restore balance between oxidation and antioxidants by increasing CAT, SOD, GSH, and reducing malondialdehyde levels. Not only does it exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating IL-6 and TNF- and increasing IL-10, but it also contributes to maintaining equilibrium in the body.
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| 03_Abdulhadi_23-33.pdf | 1.28 MB |
Investigation of Some Biomarkers Associated with Malignant and Benign Prostate Tumors in Iraqi Males
Prostate cancer (PCa), a challenging ailment, impacts a substantial number of men globally, primarily in prestigious regions. The study aimed to explore the functions of PD-1, PDL-1, PSA, and testosterone markers in detecting the pathogenesis of PCa. Medical City-Baghdad hosted the research from July to October 2021. After examination and diagnosis by the Medical City consultant expert, 40 blood samples (20 benign and 20 malignant) were collected from prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Eight healthy individuals were used as a control group and their blood samples were taken. Patients and controls ranged in age from 20-49. The ELISA technique was employed to assess the levels of program death-1 (PD-1), program death ligand-1 (PDL-1), and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and testosterone parameters. The study found substantial differences (P < 0.05) across age groups and study groups, with malignant patients scoring highest (70.0%) at 40-49 years and benign patients scoring highest (45.0%) at 30-39 years. Elevated levels of PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA are observed in both benign and malignant PCa compared to healthy. Neither benign nor malignant PCa had significantly lower testosterone levels than healthy PCa (P > 0.05). Both PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA show a remarkably high sensitivity (100%) when used to screen patients for prostate cancer. Finally, there is a negative correlation between PSA and PD-1, PDL-1 parameters. The PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA have been found to play significant roles in the development of prostate cancer and have shown high sensitivity in screening for PCa.
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| 02_Hussein_13-22.pdf | 616.45 KB |
The link between infections and hypersensitivity reactions was revealed by many pioneers. Many researchers found that detectable IgE is specific to bacteria and viruses in sera of infected patients. Some patients undergo a post-COVID-19 bronchospasm due to a reaction to the viral antigens. This study aimed to reveal the association between COVID-19 infection and respiratory allergy in post-COVID-19 convalescent patients. The blood specimens were taken from each of the patients and control individuals. Complete cell blood count (CBC), anti-COVID-19 virus IgM, IgG, as well as IL-5, total IgE and IgE specific for COVID-19 antigen were done for each of patients and control individuals. The results: no significant difference was found in the mean number of the total WBCs, neutrophil and monocyte cells between patients and control individuals. Patients who were suffering from bronchoconstriction and showed high total and specific IgE revealed normal percentage of eosinophil and high basophil. The basophil ratio undergoes an increase in COVID-19 patients who were suffering from bronchoconstriction during and after post-COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between IL-5, total IgE, COVID-19 antigen specific IgE and basophils in patients while a normal relation was found between parameters and control individuals. We can conclude that bronchospasm is one of the post-COVID-19 complications, due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the viral antigens. The production of COVID-19 virus antigen specific IgE has an important role in post-infection allergy as well as its relation to other factors like IL-5 in patients’ sera.
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| 01_Bediwi_5-12.pdf | 634.85 KB |
Social isolation and quarantine have been implemented globally during outbreaks of a highly transmissible microbe. For instance, they were employed during the plague outbreak in 1894 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. While these methods have proven effective against highly transmissible infections, they have also had significant negative consequences. In specific regions like Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk, social isolation occurred during the period of ISIS occupation. After their liberation, these regions experienced a COVID-19 outbreak, and quarantine measures were put in place. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social isolation and quarantine on tuberculosis. Patients from Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk districts were diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, using methods like chest X-rays, acid-fast positive sputum slide method, culture, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene pert testing. All cases were documented at the Iraqi Ministry of Health. All four districts had the same population, socioeconomic status, and medical guidelines. Anbar showed a significant difference compared to the other districts, while the remaining three districts had no significant differences among themselves. The percentage of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was higher than the global average, indicating misdiagnosis. The age group of less than four years old had the lowest percentage of cases compared to other age groups, indicating the effective management of the BCG program. It can be concluded that social isolation and quarantine implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic might have led to an increase in cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the studied regions.
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| 13_EFFECT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION.pdf | 747.91 KB |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) increased dramatically, which significantly changed the dynamics of its incidence time series (TS). Such changes overestimate the predicted values of the incidence of CAP and increase the forecast error. The purpose of this work was to evaluate methods for predicting the dynamics of CAP incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CAP incidence data, registered within the time period from 2011 to 2022 was used. Two TS data were compiled, which did not include and included cases of CAP caused by COVID-19 in 2021-2022. TS data transformation was performed using outliers’ deletion, seasonal decomposition, or X-13-ARIMA-SEATS techniques. Typical monthly dynamics calculation method and several adaptive regression models (ETS, SARIMA, decSARIMA) were used for CAP incidence modeling and forecasting. For CAP incidence TS data that excluded cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, all analyzed transformation techniques effectively smoothed out the outlier period making the TS data suitable for modeling using adaptive regression models. For CAP incidence TS data that included cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, the methods of TS decomposition turned out to be ineffective. An acceptable forecast error was obtained when using typical monthly dynamics model based on the TS data with deleted outliers.
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| 12_EXPERIENCE IN MODELING AND PREDICTING THE INCIDENCE.pdf | 752.19 KB |
