The paper presents the results of a study of patterns of exploratory behavior and processes of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue in young and old female rats, depending on the stage of the estrous cycle. The studies were carried out on females in the estrus and diestrus stages. It was shown that females at the age of 2-3 months were characterized by regular reproductive cycles with an average duration of 4.5 ± 0.11 days, which corresponds to the normal estrous cycle of sexually mature rats, which includes 4 consecutive stages. Animals 24 months old had cycles different from the normal physiological cycles of young animals. The work shows that in young sexually mature females the motor activity in the open field test is higher, and the level of anxiety is lower in the estrus stage compared to the analogous indicators in the diestrus stage. In young females, the baseline MDA level was significantly higher in the diestrus stage relative to that in the estrus stage. Patterns of exploratory behavior and the level of LPO depended on the age of the animal. Old rats had an increased level of anxiety regardless of the stage of the reproductive cycle, while young females were characterized by higher patterns of exploratory activity. In addition, old female rats had a higher level of free radical oxidation in comparison with young animals.
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 2 AGE CHANGES IN PATTERNS OF EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR.pdf | 417.14 KB |
We have analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of three polymorphic variants: rs11385942 of the LZTFL1 gene, rs657152 of the AB0 gene, and rs2109069 of the DPP9 gene previously associated with COVID-19 in a sample of 80 presumably healthy individuals of the Permsky Bashkirs from the Permsky region of Russia, 48 representatives of the Burzyan region and 47 representatives of the Arkhangelsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of Russia. No statistically significant differences were shown between the Burzyan Bashkirs and the populations of Southern Siberia in the rs11385942 LZTFL1 locus, in contrast to the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs. We also revealed statistically significant differences in the frequency of the minor allele, the rs11385942 LZTFL1 and rs657152 loci of the ABO gene between Burzyan Bashkirs and a mixed sample of Komi and Udmurts. In turn, the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs in the rs657152 locus of the ABO gene were statistically significantly different from the Tatars.
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| 1 DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMORPHIC GENE.pdf | 550.34 KB |
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most promising, innovative and rapidly emerging intraoperative imaging modalities for neurosurgical guidance by brain tissue imaging, "optical biopsy", brain cerebral vascular detection, nerve fibers and white matter tracts detection. In this article, we provide a short survey of cross-polarization OCT and different types of OCT probes that can be used in routine neurosurgical practice. Through different types of probes there are multiple applications where OCT can play a highly complementary role in offering the real-time microscopic assessment and imaging of normal and pathological brain tissues. The biopsy-needle based probe for CP OCT was shown as an effective instrument for brain tissue mapping and express estimation of tissue status as well as for detecting large blood vessels to prevent causing bleeding during biopsy sampling. The folded CP OCT probe for intraoperative use for brain tissue examination was shown as a potentially efficient sensor head for CP OCT. The probe demonstrated high lateral resolution in diffractive limited probing beam quality. The length of the dismountable probe tip allows using the probe under operating microscope. The designed family of specialized probes allows CP OCT to occupy a niche of devices for express brain tissue examination in situ after finishing of the approvement for clinical use process.
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| 13 CROSS-POLARIZATION OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.pdf | 743.56 KB |
The effect of therapeutic technologies used in the treatment of burns on the parameters of nitrogen metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, the assessment of the level of nitrites and nitrates of blood and tissues in combined thermal trauma (CTT) under the influence of NO is of scientific and practical interest. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites in the blood and organs under the influence of NO during CTT. The experiment was carried out on white male rats of the Wistar line. CTT (contact burn on the area of 20% of the body surface and thermal inhalation exposure for 20-30 seconds) was applied under anesthesia. Animals with CTT were treated daily with intraperitoneal injections of a 10% dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) solution or were inhaled with NO (20ppm). The concentration of nitrites and nitrates was determined in the blood plasma and homogenate of the liver, heart, kidneys, and lungs. CTT was accompanied by hyperproduction of NO in blood plasma on the 1st, 7th and 10th days after injury with a maximum growth on the 1st day. The largest decrease in NO2- and NO3- levels during CTT was observed in the kidneys > liver > lungs > heart. The use of DNIC in CTT led to an increase in NO2- and NO3- in the organs. Inhalations of NO during CTT increased the concentration of NO2- and NO3- in the homogenate of the lungs > kidneys > heart > liver.
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| 12 THE STATE OF NITROGEN METABOLISM.pdf | 884.65 KB |
Selenium and its compounds are promising immunomodulatory agents. We studied the ability of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and their combination with immunoglobulins (IgG) to influence the functional responses of immune cells and the expression profile of “stress associated”. The cytotoxic effect of Se NPs was also studied in primary and immortalized cell cultures. Se NPs were obtained by laser ablation in water followed by fragmentation. Fragmentation control was performed using acoustic and optical methods of size estimation. The size distribution of Se NPs was narrow and an average size was 100 nm. The Se NPs did not exhibit cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, hepatocytes and cell line L-929. Weak cytotoxicity was found for the HL-60 granulocyte-like culture. On a surviving culture of mouse granulocytes, no cytotoxic effect was found. The addition of Se NPs in combination with IgG can modulate the maximum and total production of ROS by murine granulocytes induced by W-peptide and PMA and modulate the proportion of granulocytes with calcium responses to Wp. Se NPs modulate the action of IgG on the physiological responses of granulocytes. In the study of gene expression, similar patterns were found. Se NPs increase the expression of HSP90, NFkb, Xrcc4, SOD2 genes; IgG enhances the effect of Se NPs, while IgG decreased the expression of these genes. This phenomenon can be explained by the interaction between Se NPs and IgG. Data of spectral methods showed the binding of IgG to Se NP surface and a partial change in the spatial structure of IgG.
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| 11 STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES.pdf | 1.24 MB |
Physico-chemical characteristics of optical-induced break-down depend weakly on the protein concentration. This factor distinguishes lysozyme from other aqueous solutions which contain objects with nano-size. The laser radiation of the lysozyme aqueous solution during different time periods shows patterns that are quite similar to the classical patterns. In this particular paper, it has been observed that the catalytic activity of lysozyme is decreasing after the laser radiation. The optical density of the protein solutions is increasing. The fluorescence intensity of the lysozyme solution is determined by the amino-acid residues. It decreases before and after the laser light influence. The position of the maximum of the excitation and emission did not change. The shape of the fluorescence signal on the 3D maps also does not change significantly. This observation suggests the degradation of the amino-acid residues. The viscosity and the pseudo plasticity of the lysozyme aqueous solutions increased. However, there is no massive damage of the polypeptide chain. On the contrary, the optical break-down shows the intensive forming of the lysozyme aggregates.
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| 10 LASER OPTICAL BREAKDOWN MODIFIED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.pdf | 671.22 KB |
Control of the processes of survival and differentiation of immature neurons - non-newly generated immature neurons - nng-Ins - in the cortical areas of the brain is important for preventing the de-velopment of neurological dysfunction in disorders of brain development and physiological aging. We used olfactory stimuli (OS) in the dynamics of postnatal development (P21, P60) in CD1 mice. They have been exposed to the protocol of simulation and assessment of the piriform cortex activation upon olfactory stimuli presentation. Then, at 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days after stimuli presentation, we analyzed parameters of learning and memorization, social recognition, anxiety as well as the patterns of expression of nng-INs markers (DCX, PSA-NCAM), proliferation marker (Ki67), marker of postmitotic cortical neurons (Tbr1), and immediate early gene c-fos expression as a marker of neuronal activation. We found that in the period from 2 to 60 days of mice postnatal development, proliferating and non-proliferating cells co-expressing DCX and PSA-NCAM were present in the piriform cortex (PC) and responded to the presentation of olfactory stimuli. Activation of nng-INs (DCX+ PSA-NCAM+ Ki67-) in the OS-stimulated brain plasticity is more evident in the immature developing PC, whereas appearance of mitotically active neuroblasts (DCX+ PSA-NCAM+ Ki67+), presumably, coming from other neurogenic niches of the brain upon OS-driven PC activation as well as stimulus-induced differentiation of locally present nng-INs might dominate in the mature piriform cortex (P60). Thus, immature neurons in the PC might contribute to the brain plasticity in the early ontogenesis.
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| 9 OLFACTORY STIMULI AFFECT ESTABLISHMENT.pdf | 1.59 MB |
The high risk of ovarian cancer is primarily associated with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. However, mutations in these explain only a small proportion of cases. Mutations in other genes are also involved in the disease. As a result of previous exome sequencing of DNA samples from breast cancer Germany patients with clinical signs of a hereditary form of the disease without major mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and NBN genes, potentially pathogenic genetic variants in new breast and ovarian cancer candidate genes were selected. Selected as a result of bioinformatics analysis genes are involved in vital cell signaling pathways such as repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, as well as immune response and inflammation. Recently, biological microarray technologies have been widely used to study the general genetic variability throughout the human genome in order to determine genetic associations with the disease and search for genes involved in the pathogenesis of multifactorial pathologies. The use of such approaches can be very useful for identifying risk markers for the development and severity of diseases. Our case-control study is aimed at researching potentially pathogenic variants selected as a result of exome sequencing of DNA samples from Caucasian patients using microarray technology Fluidigm to assess their contribution to ovarian cancer pathogenesis in Bashkortostan. Most of the researched alleles were found with different frequencies among cases and controls; however, our data indicate that the researched potentially pathogenic variants do not contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis in Bashkortostan populations.
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| 8 ASSOCIATION OF 22 POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC VARIANTS.pdf | 688.03 KB |
Integration of Immature Neurons Maintain Unidirectional Connectivity of Pre-Existed Network In Vitro
Recovery of the neural networks after brain injury can be studied in vitro using cell patterning technologies such as microfluidics. In this study, neural tissue recovery of cortical networks was modeled in a three-chamber microfluidic chip by growing two weakly coupled neuronal networks and by plating new immature cells between it. The direction of synaptic connections was formed by the asymmetric design of the microchannels in the chip. We investigated dynamics of morphological characteristics of neurites growth through the microchannels and spiking activity propagation between the networks after integration of new cortical cells. The results can be used for the development of new approaches for brain functional recovery after injury.
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| 7 INTEGRATION OF IMMATURE NEURONS MAINTAIN.pdf | 848.87 KB |
The article considers the development of biocomposite materials as bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel, chitosan and alginate, plus physiologically active compounds – fusidic acid, resveratrol and dihydroquercetin. It has been found that the use of hydrogel systems derived from microbial polysaccharides and containing bacterial cellulose (BC) / sodium alginate with CaCl2 /sodium fusidate (SF) and BC/chitosan /sodium fusidate helps to reduce the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and stabilize phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the skin. It is consistent with the findings of the authors on longer release of sodium fusidate from biocomposite materials of this composition. Therefore, the use of BC and chitosan in combination with sodium fusidate, which exhibits antibacterial properties, and the crosslinking of sodium alginate with calcium chloride solution proves to be the most effective for restoring the skin’s lipid composition and shortening the course of treatment. Most likely, this effect must be explained by the constant release of physiologically active compounds from hydrogel composites and its impact on damaged skin areas.
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| 6 EFFECT OF BIOCOMPOSITES ON BACTERIAL CELLULOSE-BASED HYDROGEL.pdf | 1.69 MB |
