Bronchial asthma (BA) can be accompanied by cognitive impairment (CI). However, the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and asthma has not been fully elucidated. Cognitive disorders in patients with asthma largely depend on age, asthma control impairment, the severity of symptoms of the disease, and the duration of its course. The severity of cognitive dysfunction begins to appear already in childhood and increases significantly in adult and elderly patients with asthma. Cognitive impairments can affect adherence to therapy in patients with asthma and negatively affect the achievement of BA control. There is evidence that chronic and acute hypoxia with insufficient control of BA can contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction. Comorbid conditions also contribute to the enhancement of cognitive dysfunction in patients with asthma. It is known, for example, that asthma is associated with increased levels of depression and anxiety, which may contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction. Increased body weight may also be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in BA patients. Timely detection of CI and appropriate correction will positively affect the results of therapy. This review examines the features of cognitive dysfunction in patients with BA of different ages, the relationship of CI to the control and duration of the disease, and the impact on the cognitive status of comorbid conditions. This evidence will allow us to streamline our knowledge about the state of cognitive function in patients with asthma for their timely diagnosis, correction, and, ultimately, improvement of BA control.
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 4 ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE.pdf | 368.88 KB |
The aim of the study was the IR spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of products formed during the ozonation of fish oil. Fish oil samples were ozonized using an ozone therapy apparatus with an ozone destructor "Medozons - O3" (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). The study of the chemical composition of fish oil ozonolysis products was performed on a Shimadzu IR Prestige 21 (Japan) infrared Fourier spectrophotometer in the region of wave numbers 4000 - 400 cm–1 in the form of liquid films in KBr, NaCl, or ZnSe windows. Chromatographic study of the composition of fatty acids was carried out on an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a mass-selective detector 5977A. Qualitative and quantitative determination of propionic acid was carried out on the gas chromatographic complex "Chromosome GC – 1000". Chromatographic data processing was performed on the hardware and software complex "Chromatek-Analyst". The dynamics of IR spectra and quantitative composition of fatty acids (chromatographically) of the studied samples before and after ozonation were evaluated. The concentration of reactive oxygen species was controlled by iodometric titration according to the interstate standard GOST ISO 3900 – 2013. The acid number and saponification number of reaction products were determined by chemical methods. It was found that during the processing of fish oil, the reaction with ozone mainly proceeds locally along the ω–3 double bonds, leading to the formation of hydroperoxyesters and hydroperxy acids, as well as propionic acid. It is shown that the number of fragments of ω-6, ω-7 and ω-9 fatty acids practically does not change.
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| 3 ANALYSIS OF THE OZONATION PRODUCTS OF FISH.pdf | 1.08 MB |
The article discusses the organism`s adaptive capabilities of different age groups in the population with the use of cardiointervalography and hemodynamic parameters. There was a decrease in the total power of the heart rate variability spectrum and the power of all spectral parameters with an increasing age. In age groups 1 and 2, LF, % and VLF, % were more pronounced, there was a significant predominance of VLF, % in group 2, which reflected an increase in the level of the sympathetic link regulation activity. A more significant increase in the power of very low frequency oscillations indicates an increase in the influence of the central circuit of regulation along with an increase in the cerebral ergotropic influences. Assessment of oxidative metabolism by fluorescence spectroscopy showed an increase in the indicator in group 2, with a tendency to decrease in group 3 as compared to the values of group 1. The performed analysis of the frequency-amplitude spectrum revealed changes in the reactivity of the structures of the microvasculature depending on age. An increase in the volume of blood entering the microcirculation system was recorded, but the regulatory effect on microcirculation was different: group 2 was dominated by central mechanisms of regulation, in group 3 there was a predominance of local regulatory mechanisms. Thus, with age, there is a decrease in the adaptive reserves of the body with a tension in the regulatory vegetative homeostasis and a transition from nervous mechanisms of regulation to a lower level of humoral mechanism.
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| 2 ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANISM ADAPTIVE RESERVES OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS.pdf | 650.88 KB |
A study was made of the general condition, changes in the relative mass of internal organs and blood parameters of C57Bl/6 mice 3 months after local irradiation of the chest. Irradiation was carried out in five equal fractions with total doses of 5, 10 and 20 Gy. Single cases of death of irradiated animals were noted in each group 2 months after irradiation. 90 days after irradiation, an increase in the relative mass of the lung was noted in all groups of irradiated animals, as well as a decrease in the relative mass of the spleen and liver. A decrease in the number of platelets in all groups after irradiation was established, as well as a change in erythrocyte indices, which was most pronounced in groups irradiated at doses of 10 and 20 Gy. An increase in the activity of transaminase enzymes in the blood serum of animals depending on the dose of irradiation, an increase in the activity of LDH and phosphatases, as well as a decrease in the level of total protein were noted, which indicates damage to the organs of the thoracic region and liver and persistent metabolic disorders in animals 90days after local irradiation.
Introduction: the average thickness of the tympanic membrane (TM) normally fluctuates around 100 µm. Most of the measurements of the TM thickness presented in previous works were performed on cadaveric material. The anatomical parameters of the TM can be measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods: we used spectral-domain OCT with a non-contact probe to study the structures of the middle ear. The results of OCT examination of 58 tympanic membranes of patients without middle ear pathology were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of OCT images was performed using the ImageJ program. The thickness of the tympanic membrane was calculated manually at 5 randomly selected points. To convert optical values into metric ones, we used an average refractive index of 1.45. Results: the TM thickness in patients without ear pathology was 138 µm (±29). Conclusions: OCT is an effective method of non-invasive examination of the TM and can be successfully used to measure the TM thickness. Improving the algorithms for processing OCT images in order to automatically calculate the TM thickness and make TM topographic maps remains a crucial task and its solution is expected to significantly improve the diagnostic properties of the method.
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| 8 MEASURING THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE THICKNESS.pdf | 393.28 KB |
For a long time, the strains Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 have been successfully used as probiotic producers; the conclusions about the possibility of their use, their role and functions in the human body were made empirically based on indirect signs. At present, high-tech equipment and modern research methods allow to conduct a complete study of the properties and characterization of strains; it is regulated by modern regulatory documents. In our work we applied the classical bacteriological method, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry method, NGS whole genome sequencing. The analysis of 27 clones of the strains revealed that they have typical morphological properties and stable biochemical profiles; the lists of ionized protein masses (so-called "strain markers") were determined. The whole genomes of strains deposited by us in GenBank in 2015-2017 were analyzed for the first time; we found that they do not contain pathogenicity genes, integrated plasmids, determinants of transmissible antibiotic resistance, and belong to phylogenetic clusters formed by probiotic-producing strains. It was shown that B. bifidum 1 and B. bifidum 791 have a pronounced ability to consume glycans of intestinal mucus, while B. longum 379 can efficiently consume plant glycans. The genomes of B. bifidum 791 and B. longum 379 strains contain genes for the synthesis of the most important neurometabolites of tryptophan and folic acid; the genome of B. bifidum 791 strain contains genes for the synthesis of lasso peptide and flavucin, class I lantibiotics with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity.
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| 7 RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL.pdf | 2.52 MB |
A review using the information on the problem in domestic and foreign sources of literature was carried out. Selected wild berries of Yakutia in their composition contain anthocyanins, flavanols and other biologically active compounds with experimentally proven anticancer effect in vitro against breast cancer cells. It has been noted that there is an insufficient study of wild berries as preventive agents against breast cancer. Experimental studies have proven the role of lingonberry in inhibiting the development of carcinogen-induced epithelial cancer, and cell culture of lingonberry and cloudberry can reduce the viability and proliferative activity of breast cancer cells. It is recommended to conduct researches on the effect of extracts, juice of northern berries on the development of breast cancer cell culture and find out their possible preventive and therapeutic effect.
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| 6 ANTICANCER AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF THE FRUITS.pdf | 554.62 KB |
Cataract remains the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Inflammatory postoperative complications remain a significant challenge associated with cataract phacoemulsification. These include corneal melting, also known as aseptic keratomalacia, a sight-threatening inflammatory condition that precedes corneal perforation. Case description: a 70-year-old patient underwent cataract phacoemulsification and subsequently developed indomethacin induced corneal erosion. Despite 2 months of conservative treatment, the erosion progressed to a corneal ulcer. To prevent corneal perforation, a prophylactic conjunctival flap was performed. Dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome were diagnosed postoperatively. Follow-up was 5 years. Conclusions: the presented case demonstrates for the first time the role of indomethacin as a trigger of corneal melting after cataract phacoemulsification. Corneal melting, potentially leading to corneal perforation, may occur after successful surgery not only in patients with diagnosed dry eye disease and systemic collagenosis but also in asymptomatic patients. Torpid progression, resistance to conventional therapy and a high risk of corneal perforation require a specialist to select appropriate therapeutic and surgical treatment methods as soon as possible. Treatment begins with withdrawal of NSAIDs, local and systemic steroid therapy, intensive corneal lubrication and objective monitoring using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
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| 5 INDOMETHACIN-INDUCED CORNEAL MELTING.pdf | 382.36 KB |
No doubt that the identification of predisposition toward certain types of activities becomes essential, which will allow using additional educational technologies as early as possible, thereby contributing to the development of existing powers in individuals and, as a result, increasing the productivity of future endeavors. There has been conducted a molecular genetic study of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of 15 polymorphic genes variants, those involved in the regulation of memory span, synaptic plasticity, and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems of the brain of 7th and 8th grade students. DNA samples recovered from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 197 adolescents (89 boys, 108 girls), served as the material for molecular genetic testing; the students of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution "Lyceum No. 42" of the city district of Ufa city of the Republic of Bashkortostan - none registered in medical records. Statistically significant associations were defined: on the "general activity" scale with polymorphic loci rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs1387923 of the NTRK2 gene, on the "mathematical intelligence" scale - rs6265 of the BDNF gene, on the psychoticism scale - rs2710102 in the CNTNAP2 gene, rs6280 in the DRD3 gene, rs1018381 in the DTNBP1 gene and rs1387923 in gene NTRK2, on the neuroticism scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene, on the “spatial intelligence” scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene and rs4971684 in the NRXN1 gene, on the “extroversion” scale - rs2832407 in the GRIK1 gene.
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| 4 ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIONS OF ALLELES AND GENOTYPES.pdf | 509.57 KB |
In-depth studies of the etiology and consequences of brain damage induced by chronic prenatal hypoxia are now urgently needed to improve the therapeutic strategies and reinforcing the adaptive capacity of nerve cells to oxygen deficiency. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous calcium activity of primary hippocampal cultures obtained from mouse embryos exposed to chronic prenatal hypoxia in a late period of development in vitro (DIV 15 - DIV 21) and the adaptive capabilities of neuron-glial networks to the acute hypoxic injury. Chronic hypoxic stress caused several delays in the functional development of primary hippocampal cultures. On DIV 15, the cultures exhibited the spontaneous calcium activity with a decreased number of active cells and duration of Ca2+ oscillations. The reduced values of network characteristics (DIV 15) in the presence of partial destruction of the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks with a reduced force of correlated connections between cells during entire observation period were also shown. Chronic hypoxic stress altered the functional culture's response to acute oxygen deficiency. On day 7 after acute hypoxia modelling, against the background of significant decrease in the number of functionally active cells, the frequency and duration of Ca2+ oscillations did not differ from the intact values. Nevertheless, significant decrease in the network characteristics accompanied by substantial rearrangements in the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks indicate the death of significant part of the network elements and increase the risk of aggravation the synaptic transmission impairments leading to loss of network functionality in more distant post-hypoxic period.
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| 3 THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC PRENATAL HYPOXIA.pdf | 1.02 MB |
