Opera Medica et Physiologica

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Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 103-109; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-103-109
Abstract Full Text

The dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) reactions were analyzed under a combination of resonance scanning and EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation in the process of the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome (PCS). It has been shown that the introduction of resonant scanning before adaptive neurostimulation makes it possible to observe the dynamics of resonant EEG reactions, provides activation of potential EEG oscillators of the brain, and increases the responsiveness of the brain to subsequent adaptive neurostimulation. Complex treatment procedures, due to the progressive involvement of resonant and adaptive mechanisms and mechanisms of neuroplasticity, contribute to the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with PCS, which manifests itself in the normalization of the EEG, a decrease in stress levels, and an improvement in emotional state and mood of the patients.

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11 DYNAMICS OF EEG REACTIONS.pdf539.45 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 95-102; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-95-102
Abstract Full Text

Aim of the study: to analyze the results of performing retrograde perfusion of the pulmonary artery during an open thromboembolectomy from the pulmonary artery. Materials and methods: the experience of performing retrograde perfusion of the pulmonary artery in 10 patients operated in our clinic for massive pulmonary embolism is presented. Retrograde perfusion was performed after the stage of embolectomy from the pulmonary artery. For the latter, we used a disposable cardioplegic solution delivery system and 2 cardioplegic pumps of the heart-lung machine: the first for taking blood perfusate from the oxygenator, the second for supplying the combined solution. The blood perfusate and solution were mixed in a 3:1 ratio and injected selectively into the orifices of the pulmonary veins under a pressure of up to 20 mm Hg. (volume perfusion rate 200-250 ml/min) for 4 minutes. Results: despite the initial severity of the patients' condition, as well as the amount of surgical intervention performed, the hospital survival rate was 100%. Along with this, we did not note the development of specific complications, as well as the aggravation of the course of the intraoperative and early postoperative periods. Conclusion: retrograde pulmonary artery perfusion is a very encouraging and promising technique that provides effective and safe removal of small thromboembolism from the peripheral parts of the pulmonary arterial bed, as well as preventing the development of residual pulmonary hypertension as a result of developing intraoperative air embolism.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 84-94; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-84-94
Abstract Full Text

Objectives: the study evaluates the effectiveness of reverse cardiac remodeling in patients after surgical treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: the analysis of the surgical treatment of 202 patients with mitral valve disease complicated by PH (more than 40 mmHg) and AF was performed. The surgical intervention consisted in surgical correction of mitral dysfunction (valve replacement or repair) – the group 1 of patients (n = 62). Patients of the second group (n = 89) additionally underwent the Maze IV procedure for concomitant AF using the AtriCure bipolar radiofrequency ablator. Patients of the group 3 (n = 51) underwent a complex surgical intervention consisting of mitral valve surgery, AF correction using Maze IV, circular radiofrequency denervation of the trunk and orifices of the pulmonary arteries (PA) (Pulmonary Artery Denervation - PADN). Results: PADN can significantly reduce the level of LH in the postoperative period (р2 = 0.018 compared with other groups) and promotes reverse cardiac remodeling by reducing its cavities. Complex surgical correction of patients with mitral valve disease, AF and severe PH can significantly reduce the severity of heart failure (р2 = 0.023 compared to the group without PADN). Conclusion: the PADN circular procedure is effective and safe. Further analysis of the effectiveness of PADN with a grouping of a larger number of patients, analysis of long-term results, and determination of the feasibility of this technique in patients with non-valvular forms of PH is needed.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 73-83; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-73-83
Abstract Full Text

Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a neurodegenerative disorder that afflicts the aboriginal people of Yakutia in Siberia. The disease is characterized by a progressive duration and aseptic inflammatory episodes, with intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG (OCBs) in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of soluble ligands and receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily as potential participants in VE pathogenesis. To achieve this goal, we measured the levels of sTNF-α, sFas-L, sTRAIL, sCD40L ligands, and sCD40 receptor by ELISA in the plasma of VE patients compared with healthy individuals of the same population and patients with demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as examples of disorders involving immune pathology. In addition, the same markers were analyzed in the CSF of VE patients and patients with demyelinating diseases. The results obtained showed that the increased level of plasma sTNF-α in VE patients was associated with the detection of OCBs (p = 0.01; two-tailed Student’s t-test). The sCD40L level in plasma was significantly increased in VE patients, regardless of the presence of an inflammatory component (p = 0.001; Student's t-test), and their healthy relatives (p = 0.004; Student's t-test). Our results suggested that increased blood sCD40L levels are associated with the chronic form of VE and may participate in the predisposition to the disease. Increased blood sCD40L levels may lead to pathology of the vascular endothelium in the brain and the development of VE pathology.


Invited review
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 54-72; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-54-72
Abstract Full Text

Deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the development and remodeling of blood vessels is one of the topical areas of modern (patho)physiology and cell biology. Initially, interest in these processes was mainly associated with the need to find the mechanisms of tissues and organ developments, as well as the vascularization of tumors. In recent years, mechanisms of (neo)angiogenesis in physiological conditions and pathologies have attracted the increasing attention of researchers. In the context of the central nervous system physiology, this issue is quite new; however, there is accumulating experimental and clinical evidence that brain plasticity includes not only phenomenon of neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, dynamic changes in the number and activity of synapses, various intercellular interactions, secretion of a wide range of neurotransmitters, gliotransmitters, cytokines and growth factors, but also specific changes in local microcirculation, establishment and regression of microvessels, and altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier in active brain regions. Until now, mechanisms underlying the development and involution of blood vessels in the brain tissue are very scattered; however, some signaling pathways have been identified, in particular, those associated with the response of cells to hypoxia. Obviously, identification of such mechanisms is important for a better understanding of brain development and plasticity, searching for new marker molecules and target molecules used for the accurate diagnostics, effective treatment and reliable prognosis of brain pathologies associated with insufficient or excessive tissue vasculariza-tion and aberrant vessel remodeling, as well as for adequate reproduction of cerebral vascular networks within the in vitro microphysiological systems.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 42-53; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-42-53
Abstract Full Text

Prenatal hypoxia remains the leading cause of infant mortality and severe disability in newborns. Disturbances in the development of fetal brain structures and functions due to hypoxic damage are the main trigger for the development of severe neurological disorders and accelerated neurodegeneration processes and can also be the cause of epileptiform activity in the postnatal period. Herein, the role of chronic prenatal hypoxia on the functional state of C3H+C57Bl6 hybrid mice during the first three weeks of postnatal development and the risks of developing epileptiform activity when provoking audiogenic seizures were assessed. Exposure to chronic prenatal hypoxia was found to increase the risk of neonatal mortality and developmental delay in the surviving individuals in the first two weeks of the postnatal period. It was shown that one of the causes of the failure of adaptation might be the disruption of the functional activity of the mitochondrial apparatus of brain cells mediated by the disruption of the first and second respiratory chain complexes. Exposure to chronic prenatal hypoxia has no significant effect on the increased risk of seizure activity in mice during audiogenic stimulation in late postnatal development, does not activate the development of persistent neurological deficit, and does not significantly affect the cognitive functions and learning ability of animals.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 35-41; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-35-41
Abstract Full Text

The study was performed at the Gomel Regional Clinic of Sports Medicine (Belarus). Two hundred thirty-six healthy athletes (134 men and 102 women) were examined. The mean age of the examined athletes was 20 years. Features of blood biochemical parameters in athletes of cyclic sports, strength sports, and team game sports have been evaluated.

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5 BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS.pdf359.13 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 28-34; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-28-34
Abstract Full Text

The study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly the hypervariable segment (HVS1) region, is widely used to reconstruct a population's history, structure, and origin. The origin of the Sakha people living in the north-east of Russia has been discussed for more than 300 years, but up to the present time many aspects of their ethnogenesis remain unclear. In order to clarify the migration routes of the ancient ancestors of the Sakha, we analyzed the mitotypes of 69 unrelated representatives of this ethnic group, whose belonging to the ethnic group was traced to the third generation. In the studied Sakha group, we identified 33 mitotypes, the distribution of which by haplogroups approximately coincides with the data of other studies. The results of a comparative study of Sakha mitotypes according to EMPOP data and literature sources revealed a wide distribution of the identified mtDNA HVS1 haplotypes in many populations of Eurasia. A comparison of the obtained mitotypes with the results of mtDNA sequencing of ancient samples shows that most of the mtDNA lines of modern Sakha have long been located on the territory of Yakutia. West Eurasian and East Asian mtDNA lines were incorporated into the Sakha genome at different times in different ways. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the routes of ancient migrations of the ancestors of the Sakha population.

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4 HVS1 HAPLOTYPES OF MTDNA.pdf367.59 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 21-27; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-21-27
Abstract Full Text

The energy shortage, as well as the lack of antioxidant micronutrients that occur with severe thermal lesions, lead to poor clinical outcomes. It is important to carry out timely and effective therapy that helps maintain the redox and energy balance of the burned body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the energy status of red blood cells in severely burned patients with the use of antioxidant therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation on different days of therapy. The study involved 60 practically healthy people (norm) and patients with burns of I-II-III degree with different localization over 25% of the body surface. The age of patients is from 20 to 87 years. The data obtained suggested the effectiveness of the use of antioxidant therapy in burn patients due to the activation of oxidoreductases that support energy metabolism. The combined use of HBO and antioxidant nutrients in addition to standard therapy presumably contributed to maintaining the energy and redox balance of the body in patients with burns.

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3 ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY STATUS.pdf352.72 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed June 28, 2022;
Published ahead of print June 27, 2022; Printed June 28, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 2, pages 15-20; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-2-15-20
Abstract Full Text

The aim of the work was established as to study the effect of low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) on the morphology of neutrophils by the method of interference microscopy in correlation with metabolic parameters in the use of modulators which permits to assess the contribution of various structures of neutrophils to the realization of LILT effect. There was in vitro research. The neutrophils of rats served as the object of research. The neutrophils were incubated with adrenalin, cortisol, and β-blockers of adrenoreceptors. The effect of LILT in combination with a preliminary incubation of these substances was studied. Autonomous laser shower MarsiK (R&D company “Petrolaizer,” Saint Petersbourg), a laser therapeutic complex for animals, was used as a laser irradiation source. The wavelength of the irradiation was 830 nm, and the total power was 90 MW. The phasometry of neutrophils was studied by the laser modulation interference microscopy method, the processes of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by the malondialdehyde concentration, and the ATP concentration was defined by spectrophotometry. LILT provoked unidirectional changes in indices in the groups where the neutrophils were incubated with adrenalin, cortisol, and adrenoreceptor blockers. It manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation, increase in ATP concentration, and on the other hand, an increase in phase diameter of neutrophils regarding indicators without the impact of LILT. It is shown that the LILT effect intensity may be modified depending on stress realizing hormones (adrenalin and cortisol), β-blocker of adrenoreceptors. It permits us to suppose that the LILT effects may be realized in different ways depending on the state of the cells.


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