This review analyzes current trends in the development of traditional (open-loop) methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, as well as promising directions for the development of closed-loop methods of adaptive neurostimulation. The main focus is on studies using non-invasive magnetic and electrical stimulation, as well as acoustic and audiovisual stimulation. The possibilities and prospects for using these technologies as a tool in carrying out a wide range of rehabilitation procedures are analyzed. The results of the authors' own research in this direction are presented.
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The effect of gas-discharge plasma radiation on the biochemical parameters of blood and urine of intact animals and animals with acute alcohol intoxication was investigated. Measurements of the content of medium-mass molecules (MMM), creatinine, urea, glucose, lactate and hemoglobin in the blood and 14 physicochemical indicators of the urine test were carried out. Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of 33% ethanol at a dose of LD50. The treatment was carried out by an experimental pulsed (10 Hz) device generating radiation of spark discharge plasma. It was revealed that exposure to plasma radiation does not lead to changes in the biochemical parameters of blood and urine of intact animals. In the model of AAI, the development of protein-creatininia, urobilinogenuria, and an increase in the specific gravity of rat’s urine was observed. The total level of MMM and hemoglobin in the blood increased, lactic acidosis developed. After exposure to plasma radiation in animals with AAI, blood and urine parameters normalized, which is probably associated with the activation of the organism's adaptive and antioxidant reserves. Thus, the positive effect of spark discharge plasma radiation on the organism during acute ethanol intoxication has been shown.
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| 013_Трофимова_137-146.pdf | 562.24 KB |
The heritability of human psychological well-being ranges from 36 to 48%. GWAS conducted between 2016 and 2019 identified 364 SNPs significant for well-being. A significant association with psychological well-being has been shown for the APOE, OXTR, OXT, NMUR2, CNR1, CRHR1, and CYP19A1 genes. The greatest influence on psychological well-being is exerted by allelic variants of the MAYA, 5-HTT, СOMT genes, and the CTRA gene group (conservative transcriptional response to adversity). Brain functioning is influenced by the peculiarities of VNTR distribution in the regulatory regions of the 5-HTT, SLC6A3, AVPR1A, FUS, OXT, PARK7, POMC, TACR3, TRPV1 and TRPV3 genes. These features are due to the individual distribution of SVA (SINE-VNTR-Alu) retroelements, which belong to transposons that are drivers of epigenetic regulation. Features of activation of retroelements located in the regulatory regions of genes may affect the individual level of well-being. This is evidenced by the association with psychological well-being of DRD4, MAOA, SLC6A3, 5-HTT genes alleles, determined by the length of VNTR in their regulatory regions. Evidence of retroelements role in well-being regulation is that retroelements are sources of protein-coding genes and microRNAs involved in brain functioning. The Arc gene, derived from retroelements, is characterized by transport into neuronal dendrites with translation regulation. We analyzed the MDTE DB database on transposon-derived microRNAs and scientific literature. According to the results, 12 miRNAs, derived from transposons, are associated with major depressive disorder. The data obtained indicate the influence of transposons on psychological well-being, which is assessed by the absence of depression.
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| 012_Мустафин_123-136.pdf | 698.34 KB |
Currently, data are accumulating on the antioxidant properties of bilirubin and its protective role in various diseases. This review considers the dose-dependent effect of bilirubin on its cytoprotective and antioxidant properties, the relationship between the level of bilirubin and the pathophysiological manifestations of bronchial asthma, in the pathogenesis of which chronic inflammation induced by oxidative stress plays a significant role. The article also focuses on the potential therapeutic use of bilirubin in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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| 011_Кубышева_115-122_a.pdf | 351.47 KB |
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 223 patients from Nizhny Novgorod with morphologically verified pancreatic cancer (PC) treated at the Oncological Dispensary of the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2021-2022. The patients were conditionally divided into two subgroups: The first subgroup (184 patients) underwent PCR testing at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncology Dispensary and then next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the coding regions of the BRCA1/2 genes at the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The second subgroup (39 patients) underwent NGS of the coding regions of cancer-associated genes at the Centre for Personalised Medicine of the Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Centre named after A.S. Loginov. Germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes were detected in 6 patients with pancreatic cancer (3.3 ± 1.3%), including one case in the BRCA1 gene and 5 in the BRCA2 gene. Various pathogenic mutations in genes (ATM, FANCC, POLE, NBN, BLM, SMARCA4, MUTYH, FANCG) associated with different oncological syndromes were found in 9 patients (23.1 ± 1.2%). The high prevalence rates of different pathogenic variants in PC patients, regardless of age and family history of oncology, indicate the need for medical genetic counselling followed by NGS. The detection of germline mutations in genes of hereditary tumour syndromes in PC patients will help to identify high-risk groups for tumor development in relatives and enable early diagnosis.
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| 010_Колесникова_103-114.pdf | 556.72 KB |
Ophthalmic diseases are common problems in dogs of various breeds and ages. In recent years, ophthalmologists have been paying more attention to stem cell (SC) therapies, since the renewal and regeneration of any tissue in the adult body depends on somatic SC, and eye tissues are no exception. The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in healing ulcerative keratitis of dogs. Our research showed that subconjunctival injections of allogeneic MSCs from adipose tissue was clinically safe for use in dogs during the follow-up period. These injections contributed to the decrease of the clinical manifestations of ulcerative keratitis in dogs, as evidenced by a decrease the intensity and area of the affected areas of the cornea compared to classic therapy.
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| 09_Закирова-94-102.pdf | 677 KB |
A major problem of medicine is the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region. This is due to their frequency, the severity of anatomical and functional disorders, as well as the complexity of social adaptation of patients. Cleft lip and palate are highly common malformations with a significant variation of risk factors. The updating of epidemiological data in certain regions of Russia makes it possible to identify the dominant causal mechanisms of the occurrence of defects, to determine the necessary directions for improving preventive and diagnostic measures, treatment and tactics of dispensary supervision of patients. The analysis of the incidence of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia over the past 19 years has been carried out. The risk factors for the development of anomalies, the structure of morbidity, the type and nature of the therapeutic measures carried out were determined.
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| 08_Алешина_86-93.pdf | 562.94 KB |
Breast cancer (BC) is the predominant type of cancer among the female population in Iraq, and one of the most common causes of death among females. Through the period from 2018 until 2020, A total of eighty- two Formalin Fixed-Paraffin embedded FFPE tissue blocks were collected from the archive of Histopathology Department in Teaching Laboratories of Medical City, Teaching Hospital of Al-Yarmouk, and a privately-owned laboratory in Baghdad, Iraq. The clinical information regarding age, gender, tumor size, tumor stage and grade, lymph nodes metastasis, in addition to the findings of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and receptor of human epidermal growth factor (HER)-2 were acquired from carefully reviewing patients' medical records and pathology reports. Results showed that a high incidence of BC in patients at sixth and decades of age, most of tumors′ specimens were within group size of (2-5 cm) in both malignant and benign groups, comprising 57.14% and 80% respectively, the most prevalent histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) encompassing 73.8%. About 59.52% of cases had positive lymph node tumor metastasis, the majority of cases were in grade II 64%. Stage III of the disease had highest rate, most of the cases were ER positive (66%), PR positive (57%) and for the HER most of the cases were HER negative.
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| 07_Mohammed_69-85.pdf | 1.68 MB |
The study was designed to determine the effect of different levels of both elements (potassium and calcium) on some variables in the microscopic examination of semen (account and shape of sperms and their rate of movement within the semen plasma). In this study, 60 semen samples were collected from healthy people and divided into three groups based on the test results. Group (A) represented samples with positive results, and group (B) represented the average test results. At the same time, group (C) included weak results. The results were obtained after comparing the extent of the effect of calcium and potassium on the number, shape and movement of sperms between the three groups. The results showed that potassium had a significant effect on the number of sperm cells and the nature of movement in group (A) at the level of probability (P ≤ 0.05). In group (B), the effect of potassium on the percentage of normal-shaped sperm cells was observed. In group (C), the effect of potassium level on the shape ratios of normal and abnormal cells. For calcium element, the study's results showed the effect of calcium element in group (A) on the percentage of motile cells, and the same effect of calcium applies to group (B). As for group (C), the effect of calcium was on the percentage of immobile cells and cells with an abnormal shape.
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| 06_Hassan_61-68.pdf | 716.14 KB |
The study was carried out in Anbar from September to December 2022 with the aim of identifying genetic variations in the IL-37 subunit gene among persons with chronic hepatitis. We investigated the correlation between the impact of IL-37 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hepatitis B and C virus infections. The four-arm primer approach was employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cohort consisting of 90 patients and 100 healthy controls from the Iraqi population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-37 gene were determined through genotyping. Patients exhibited significantly higher frequencies of the rs2708967 G allele and GG genotype in comparison to controls. On the other hand, the rates of the A allele and AA genotype were comparatively lower, while the frequencies of the AG genotype were same. The patients demonstrated markedly elevated frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype compared to the controls. In addition, they exhibited markedly reduced frequencies of the C allele and CC genotype compared to the control group. The frequencies of CT genotypes, allele A, and AG and AA frequencies for the rs3811047 SNP did not show any significant differences in patients compared to controls. Our work indicates that mutations in the IL-37 gene are responsible for the genetic risk factors that contribute to the high occurrence of HBV and HCV infections in the Iraqi population.
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| 05_Meena_52-60.pdf | 681.9 KB |
