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During cardiac surgery, as well as on-pump CABG, it is crucial to monitor arterial blood parameters in order to assess the condition of patients and risks that might occur in the operating room. In some cases, the cardiac activity of patients undergoing on-pump CABG cannot be self-restored and resuscitation measures are required. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the differences between the two groups of patients (self-restoration of cardiac activity vs additional resuscitation measures were required) and identify arterial blood parameters potentially indicating that the patient is at risk. The data of 21 patients were analyzed with Python packages. Statistically significant differences were found between the control group (self-restoration of cardiac activity) and the test group (additional resuscitation measures were required) in the following arterial blood parameters: the levels of sodium, chloride, glucose and blood osmolality. We believe that hyponatremia and blood hypoosmolality might be a reason for cell edema which creates a greater load on the heart and leads to inability of self-restoration of cardiac activity.

The effect of molecular hydrogen (H₂) on the functional state of spermatozoa through signaling pathways was studied. In the work, drugs that affect elements of intracellular signaling cascades were used to study the mechanisms of action of H₂. We used the adenylatecyclase stimulator – forskolin, the Ca²⁺-channel blocker – verapamil, and the proteinkinase C inhibitor – staurosporine. We studied concentrations of MDA, ATP, the percentage of total motility and the average speed of spermatozoa under the action of H₂ against the background of the action of drugs and without the action of drugs. It was shown that the concentration of MDA in all series did not change. Forskolin causes an increase in sperm motility and velocity. The use of H₂ increased the effects stimulated by forskolin: sperm motility and average velocity increased. The concentration of ATP, the percentage of motility and the velocity of sperm decreased under the action of staurosporine and verapamil. The combined action of H₂ and verapamil as well as the combined action of H₂ and staurosporine determined an increase in sperm motility and velocity. Thus, H₂ had a modulating effect through signaling pathways and caused an increase in the functional indices of sperm.

This study investigates the effects of omaveloxolone, a Keap1 inhibitor, on mitochondrial network (MN) dynamics and cell survival under oxidative stress in control fibroblasts and fibroblasts from a Parkinson's disease patient with a PINK1 mutation. The PINK1-mutant fibroblasts showed increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-induced stress. Omaveloxolone pre-treatment improved cell viability under stress conditions in both cell types. Under normal conditions, PINK1-mutant fibroblasts exhibited lower MN connectivity compared to control cells. Oxidative stress reduced MN density in both cell types, while omaveloxolone treatment normalized MN connectivity in PINK1-mutant cells and maintained higher MN connectivity under stress. Similar effects were observed for mitochondrial branch length. Omaveloxolone (50 nM) also increased mitophagy in both cell types under normal conditions. Our findings demonstrate that omaveloxolone exerts protective effects by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and activating mitophagy. It enhances mitophagy under normal conditions and supports MN structure under oxidative stress, improving cell viability in both control and PINK1-mutant fibroblasts. These results highlight omaveloxolone's potential as a therapeutic agent for protecting cells in diseases associated with impaired mitochondrial dynamics, particularly Parkinson's disease linked to PINK1 mutations.

Introduction. Acute limb ischemia is a critical condition requiring immediate revascularization. The risk of complications is affected by age, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, respiratory failure, diabetes mellitus, thrombosis etiology, urgency and duration of surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the presented risk factors on the results of open revascularization for acute thrombosis in patients with acute COVID-19. Materials and methods. The results of open surgical treatment of acute limb ischemia of Rutherford class II in patients with acute COVID-19 (86 patients, group I) and 50 patients without COVID-19 (group II) were analyzed. Results. In-hospital mortality was 73.2% in group I and 12% in group II. Most deaths in group I were due to early rethrombosis. Risk factors - coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, age >75 years had a greater negative impact in group I against the background of coronavirus infection. Conclusion. In patients in the acute stage of COVID-19, open revascularization is associated with a higher risk of complications and mortality in the early postoperative period relative to patients who underwent surgery without coronavirus infection. The impact of all the identified risk factors increases against the background of COVID-19, a statistically significant increase in the odds ratio of developing postoperative complications was found for such perioperative risk factors as: coronary heart disease, respiratory failure, polyvalent etiology of thrombosis and age over 75 years, among the intraoperative factors, the emergency nature of the operation and the duration of the surgical intervention are significant.