A study was made of the general condition, changes in the relative mass of internal organs and blood parameters of C57Bl/6 mice 3 months after local irradiation of the chest. Irradiation was carried out in five equal fractions with total doses of 5, 10 and 20 Gy. Single cases of death of irradiated animals were noted in each group 2 months after irradiation. 90 days after irradiation, an increase in the relative mass of the lung was noted in all groups of irradiated animals, as well as a decrease in the relative mass of the spleen and liver. A decrease in the number of platelets in all groups after irradiation was established, as well as a change in erythrocyte indices, which was most pronounced in groups irradiated at doses of 10 and 20 Gy. An increase in the activity of transaminase enzymes in the blood serum of animals depending on the dose of irradiation, an increase in the activity of LDH and phosphatases, as well as a decrease in the level of total protein were noted, which indicates damage to the organs of the thoracic region and liver and persistent metabolic disorders in animals 90days after local irradiation.
Introduction: the average thickness of the tympanic membrane (TM) normally fluctuates around 100 µm. Most of the measurements of the TM thickness presented in previous works were performed on cadaveric material. The anatomical parameters of the TM can be measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods: we used spectral-domain OCT with a non-contact probe to study the structures of the middle ear. The results of OCT examination of 58 tympanic membranes of patients without middle ear pathology were analyzed. Quantitative analysis of OCT images was performed using the ImageJ program. The thickness of the tympanic membrane was calculated manually at 5 randomly selected points. To convert optical values into metric ones, we used an average refractive index of 1.45. Results: the TM thickness in patients without ear pathology was 138 µm (±29). Conclusions: OCT is an effective method of non-invasive examination of the TM and can be successfully used to measure the TM thickness. Improving the algorithms for processing OCT images in order to automatically calculate the TM thickness and make TM topographic maps remains a crucial task and its solution is expected to significantly improve the diagnostic properties of the method.
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 8 MEASURING THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE THICKNESS.pdf | 393.28 KB |
For a long time, the strains Bifidobacterium bifidum 1, Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, and Bifidobacterium longum 379 have been successfully used as probiotic producers; the conclusions about the possibility of their use, their role and functions in the human body were made empirically based on indirect signs. At present, high-tech equipment and modern research methods allow to conduct a complete study of the properties and characterization of strains; it is regulated by modern regulatory documents. In our work we applied the classical bacteriological method, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry method, NGS whole genome sequencing. The analysis of 27 clones of the strains revealed that they have typical morphological properties and stable biochemical profiles; the lists of ionized protein masses (so-called "strain markers") were determined. The whole genomes of strains deposited by us in GenBank in 2015-2017 were analyzed for the first time; we found that they do not contain pathogenicity genes, integrated plasmids, determinants of transmissible antibiotic resistance, and belong to phylogenetic clusters formed by probiotic-producing strains. It was shown that B. bifidum 1 and B. bifidum 791 have a pronounced ability to consume glycans of intestinal mucus, while B. longum 379 can efficiently consume plant glycans. The genomes of B. bifidum 791 and B. longum 379 strains contain genes for the synthesis of the most important neurometabolites of tryptophan and folic acid; the genome of B. bifidum 791 strain contains genes for the synthesis of lasso peptide and flavucin, class I lantibiotics with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity.
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| 7 RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL.pdf | 2.52 MB |
A review using the information on the problem in domestic and foreign sources of literature was carried out. Selected wild berries of Yakutia in their composition contain anthocyanins, flavanols and other biologically active compounds with experimentally proven anticancer effect in vitro against breast cancer cells. It has been noted that there is an insufficient study of wild berries as preventive agents against breast cancer. Experimental studies have proven the role of lingonberry in inhibiting the development of carcinogen-induced epithelial cancer, and cell culture of lingonberry and cloudberry can reduce the viability and proliferative activity of breast cancer cells. It is recommended to conduct researches on the effect of extracts, juice of northern berries on the development of breast cancer cell culture and find out their possible preventive and therapeutic effect.
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| 6 ANTICANCER AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF THE FRUITS.pdf | 554.62 KB |
Cataract remains the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Inflammatory postoperative complications remain a significant challenge associated with cataract phacoemulsification. These include corneal melting, also known as aseptic keratomalacia, a sight-threatening inflammatory condition that precedes corneal perforation. Case description: a 70-year-old patient underwent cataract phacoemulsification and subsequently developed indomethacin induced corneal erosion. Despite 2 months of conservative treatment, the erosion progressed to a corneal ulcer. To prevent corneal perforation, a prophylactic conjunctival flap was performed. Dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome were diagnosed postoperatively. Follow-up was 5 years. Conclusions: the presented case demonstrates for the first time the role of indomethacin as a trigger of corneal melting after cataract phacoemulsification. Corneal melting, potentially leading to corneal perforation, may occur after successful surgery not only in patients with diagnosed dry eye disease and systemic collagenosis but also in asymptomatic patients. Torpid progression, resistance to conventional therapy and a high risk of corneal perforation require a specialist to select appropriate therapeutic and surgical treatment methods as soon as possible. Treatment begins with withdrawal of NSAIDs, local and systemic steroid therapy, intensive corneal lubrication and objective monitoring using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
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| 5 INDOMETHACIN-INDUCED CORNEAL MELTING.pdf | 382.36 KB |
No doubt that the identification of predisposition toward certain types of activities becomes essential, which will allow using additional educational technologies as early as possible, thereby contributing to the development of existing powers in individuals and, as a result, increasing the productivity of future endeavors. There has been conducted a molecular genetic study of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of 15 polymorphic genes variants, those involved in the regulation of memory span, synaptic plasticity, and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems of the brain of 7th and 8th grade students. DNA samples recovered from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 197 adolescents (89 boys, 108 girls), served as the material for molecular genetic testing; the students of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution "Lyceum No. 42" of the city district of Ufa city of the Republic of Bashkortostan - none registered in medical records. Statistically significant associations were defined: on the "general activity" scale with polymorphic loci rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs1387923 of the NTRK2 gene, on the "mathematical intelligence" scale - rs6265 of the BDNF gene, on the psychoticism scale - rs2710102 in the CNTNAP2 gene, rs6280 in the DRD3 gene, rs1018381 in the DTNBP1 gene and rs1387923 in gene NTRK2, on the neuroticism scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene, on the “spatial intelligence” scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene and rs4971684 in the NRXN1 gene, on the “extroversion” scale - rs2832407 in the GRIK1 gene.
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| 4 ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIONS OF ALLELES AND GENOTYPES.pdf | 509.57 KB |
In-depth studies of the etiology and consequences of brain damage induced by chronic prenatal hypoxia are now urgently needed to improve the therapeutic strategies and reinforcing the adaptive capacity of nerve cells to oxygen deficiency. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous calcium activity of primary hippocampal cultures obtained from mouse embryos exposed to chronic prenatal hypoxia in a late period of development in vitro (DIV 15 - DIV 21) and the adaptive capabilities of neuron-glial networks to the acute hypoxic injury. Chronic hypoxic stress caused several delays in the functional development of primary hippocampal cultures. On DIV 15, the cultures exhibited the spontaneous calcium activity with a decreased number of active cells and duration of Ca2+ oscillations. The reduced values of network characteristics (DIV 15) in the presence of partial destruction of the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks with a reduced force of correlated connections between cells during entire observation period were also shown. Chronic hypoxic stress altered the functional culture's response to acute oxygen deficiency. On day 7 after acute hypoxia modelling, against the background of significant decrease in the number of functionally active cells, the frequency and duration of Ca2+ oscillations did not differ from the intact values. Nevertheless, significant decrease in the network characteristics accompanied by substantial rearrangements in the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks indicate the death of significant part of the network elements and increase the risk of aggravation the synaptic transmission impairments leading to loss of network functionality in more distant post-hypoxic period.
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| 3 THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC PRENATAL HYPOXIA.pdf | 1.02 MB |
The paper presents the results of a study of patterns of exploratory behavior and processes of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue in young and old female rats, depending on the stage of the estrous cycle. The studies were carried out on females in the estrus and diestrus stages. It was shown that females at the age of 2-3 months were characterized by regular reproductive cycles with an average duration of 4.5 ± 0.11 days, which corresponds to the normal estrous cycle of sexually mature rats, which includes 4 consecutive stages. Animals 24 months old had cycles different from the normal physiological cycles of young animals. The work shows that in young sexually mature females the motor activity in the open field test is higher, and the level of anxiety is lower in the estrus stage compared to the analogous indicators in the diestrus stage. In young females, the baseline MDA level was significantly higher in the diestrus stage relative to that in the estrus stage. Patterns of exploratory behavior and the level of LPO depended on the age of the animal. Old rats had an increased level of anxiety regardless of the stage of the reproductive cycle, while young females were characterized by higher patterns of exploratory activity. In addition, old female rats had a higher level of free radical oxidation in comparison with young animals.
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| 2 AGE CHANGES IN PATTERNS OF EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR.pdf | 417.14 KB |
We have analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of three polymorphic variants: rs11385942 of the LZTFL1 gene, rs657152 of the AB0 gene, and rs2109069 of the DPP9 gene previously associated with COVID-19 in a sample of 80 presumably healthy individuals of the Permsky Bashkirs from the Permsky region of Russia, 48 representatives of the Burzyan region and 47 representatives of the Arkhangelsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of Russia. No statistically significant differences were shown between the Burzyan Bashkirs and the populations of Southern Siberia in the rs11385942 LZTFL1 locus, in contrast to the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs. We also revealed statistically significant differences in the frequency of the minor allele, the rs11385942 LZTFL1 and rs657152 loci of the ABO gene between Burzyan Bashkirs and a mixed sample of Komi and Udmurts. In turn, the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs in the rs657152 locus of the ABO gene were statistically significantly different from the Tatars.
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| 1 DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMORPHIC GENE.pdf | 550.34 KB |
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most promising, innovative and rapidly emerging intraoperative imaging modalities for neurosurgical guidance by brain tissue imaging, "optical biopsy", brain cerebral vascular detection, nerve fibers and white matter tracts detection. In this article, we provide a short survey of cross-polarization OCT and different types of OCT probes that can be used in routine neurosurgical practice. Through different types of probes there are multiple applications where OCT can play a highly complementary role in offering the real-time microscopic assessment and imaging of normal and pathological brain tissues. The biopsy-needle based probe for CP OCT was shown as an effective instrument for brain tissue mapping and express estimation of tissue status as well as for detecting large blood vessels to prevent causing bleeding during biopsy sampling. The folded CP OCT probe for intraoperative use for brain tissue examination was shown as a potentially efficient sensor head for CP OCT. The probe demonstrated high lateral resolution in diffractive limited probing beam quality. The length of the dismountable probe tip allows using the probe under operating microscope. The designed family of specialized probes allows CP OCT to occupy a niche of devices for express brain tissue examination in situ after finishing of the approvement for clinical use process.
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| 13 CROSS-POLARIZATION OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.pdf | 743.56 KB |
