Opera Medica et Physiologica

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Full-length research paper
Printed March 25, 2023;
Published ahead of print March 24, 2023; Printed March 25, 2023; OM&P 2023 Volume 10 Issue 1, pages 53-57; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2023-1-53-57
Abstract Full Text

Cataract remains the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Inflammatory postoperative complications remain a significant challenge associated with cataract phacoemulsification. These include corneal melting, also known as aseptic keratomalacia, a sight-threatening inflammatory condition that precedes corneal perforation. Case description: a 70-year-old patient underwent cataract phacoemulsification and subsequently developed indomethacin induced corneal erosion. Despite 2 months of conservative treatment, the erosion progressed to a corneal ulcer. To prevent corneal perforation, a prophylactic conjunctival flap was performed. Dry eye disease and Sjogren's syndrome were diagnosed postoperatively. Follow-up was 5 years. Conclusions: the presented case demonstrates for the first time the role of indomethacin as a trigger of corneal melting after cataract phacoemulsification. Corneal melting, potentially leading to corneal perforation, may occur after successful surgery not only in patients with diagnosed dry eye disease and systemic collagenosis but also in asymptomatic patients. Torpid progression, resistance to conventional therapy and a high risk of corneal perforation require a specialist to select appropriate therapeutic and surgical treatment methods as soon as possible. Treatment begins with withdrawal of NSAIDs, local and systemic steroid therapy, intensive corneal lubrication and objective monitoring using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 25, 2023;
Published ahead of print March 24, 2023; Printed March 25, 2023; OM&P 2023 Volume 10 Issue 1, pages 37-52; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2023-1-37-52
Abstract Full Text

No doubt that the identification of predisposition toward certain types of activities becomes essential, which will allow using additional educational technologies as early as possible, thereby contributing to the development of existing powers in individuals and, as a result, increasing the productivity of future endeavors. There has been conducted a molecular genetic study of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of 15 polymorphic genes variants, those involved in the regulation of memory span, synaptic plasticity, and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems of the brain of 7th and 8th grade students. DNA samples recovered from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 197 adolescents (89 boys, 108 girls), served as the material for molecular genetic testing; the students of the Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution "Lyceum No. 42" of the city district of Ufa city of the Republic of Bashkortostan - none registered in medical records. Statistically significant associations were defined: on the "general activity" scale with polymorphic loci rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs1387923 of the NTRK2 gene, on the "mathematical intelligence" scale - rs6265 of the BDNF gene, on the psychoticism scale - rs2710102 in the CNTNAP2 gene, rs6280 in the DRD3 gene, rs1018381 in the DTNBP1 gene and rs1387923 in gene NTRK2, on the neuroticism scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene, on the “spatial intelligence” scale - rs6675281 in the DISC1 gene and rs4971684 in the NRXN1 gene, on the “extroversion” scale - rs2832407 in the GRIK1 gene.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 25, 2023;
Published ahead of print March 24, 2023; Printed March 25, 2023; OM&P 2023 Volume 10 Issue 1, pages 23-36; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2023-1-23-36
Abstract Full Text

In-depth studies of the etiology and consequences of brain damage induced by chronic prenatal hypoxia are now urgently needed to improve the therapeutic strategies and reinforcing the adaptive capacity of nerve cells to oxygen deficiency. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous calcium activity of primary hippocampal cultures obtained from mouse embryos exposed to chronic prenatal hypoxia in a late period of development in vitro (DIV 15 - DIV 21) and the adaptive capabilities of neuron-glial networks to the acute hypoxic injury. Chronic hypoxic stress caused several delays in the functional development of primary hippocampal cultures. On DIV 15, the cultures exhibited the spontaneous calcium activity with a decreased number of active cells and duration of Ca2+ oscillations. The reduced values of network characteristics (DIV 15) in the presence of partial destruction of the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks with a reduced force of correlated connections between cells during entire observation period were also shown. Chronic hypoxic stress altered the functional culture's response to acute oxygen deficiency. On day 7 after acute hypoxia modelling, against the background of significant decrease in the number of functionally active cells, the frequency and duration of Ca2+ oscillations did not differ from the intact values. Nevertheless, significant decrease in the network characteristics accompanied by substantial rearrangements in the functional architecture of neuron-glial networks indicate the death of significant part of the network elements and increase the risk of aggravation the synaptic transmission impairments leading to loss of network functionality in more distant post-hypoxic period.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 25, 2023;
Published ahead of print March 24, 2023; Printed March 25, 2023; OM&P 2023 Volume 10 Issue 1, pages 17-22; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2023-1-17-22
Abstract Full Text

The paper presents the results of a study of patterns of exploratory behavior and processes of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue in young and old female rats, depending on the stage of the estrous cycle. The studies were carried out on females in the estrus and diestrus stages. It was shown that females at the age of 2-3 months were characterized by regular reproductive cycles with an average duration of 4.5 ± 0.11 days, which corresponds to the normal estrous cycle of sexually mature rats, which includes 4 consecutive stages. Animals 24 months old had cycles different from the normal physiological cycles of young animals. The work shows that in young sexually mature females the motor activity in the open field test is higher, and the level of anxiety is lower in the estrus stage compared to the analogous indicators in the diestrus stage. In young females, the baseline MDA level was significantly higher in the diestrus stage relative to that in the estrus stage. Patterns of exploratory behavior and the level of LPO depended on the age of the animal. Old rats had an increased level of anxiety regardless of the stage of the reproductive cycle, while young females were characterized by higher patterns of exploratory activity. In addition, old female rats had a higher level of free radical oxidation in comparison with young animals.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 25, 2023;
Published ahead of print March 24, 2023; Printed March 25, 2023; OM&P 2023 Volume 10 Issue 1, pages 5-16; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2023-1-5-16
Abstract Full Text

We have analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of three polymorphic variants: rs11385942 of the LZTFL1 gene, rs657152 of the AB0 gene, and rs2109069 of the DPP9 gene previously associated with COVID-19 in a sample of 80 presumably healthy individuals of the Permsky Bashkirs from the Permsky region of Russia, 48 representatives of the Burzyan region and 47 representatives of the Arkhangelsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan of Russia.   No statistically significant differences were shown between the Burzyan Bashkirs and the populations of Southern Siberia in the rs11385942 LZTFL1 locus, in contrast to the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs. We also revealed statistically significant differences in the frequency of the minor allele, the rs11385942 LZTFL1 and rs657152 loci of the ABO gene between Burzyan Bashkirs and a mixed sample of Komi and Udmurts. In turn, the subpopulations of the Permsky and Arkhangelsky Bashkirs in the rs657152 locus of the ABO gene were statistically significantly different from the Tatars.

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1 DISTRIBUTION OF POLYMORPHIC GENE.pdf550.34 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed December 23, 2022;
Published ahead of print December 22, 2022; Printed December 23, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 4, pages 171-183; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-4-171-183
Abstract Full Text

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most promising, innovative and rapidly emerging intraoperative imaging modalities for neurosurgical guidance by brain tissue imaging, "optical biopsy", brain cerebral vascular detection, nerve fibers and white matter tracts detection. In this article, we provide a short survey of cross-polarization OCT and different types of OCT probes that can be used in routine neurosurgical practice. Through different types of probes there are multiple applications where OCT can play a highly complementary role in offering the real-time microscopic assessment and imaging of normal and pathological brain tissues. The biopsy-needle based probe for CP OCT was shown as an effective instrument for brain tissue mapping and express estimation of tissue status as well as for detecting large blood vessels to prevent causing bleeding during biopsy sampling. The folded CP OCT probe for intraoperative use for brain tissue examination was shown as a potentially efficient sensor head for CP OCT. The probe demonstrated high lateral resolution in diffractive limited probing beam quality. The length of the dismountable probe tip allows using the probe under operating microscope. The designed family of specialized probes allows CP OCT to occupy a niche of devices for express brain tissue examination in situ after finishing of the approvement for clinical use process.


Full-length research paper
Printed December 23, 2022;
Published ahead of print December 22, 2022; Printed December 23, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 4, pages 160-170; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-4-160-170
Abstract Full Text

The effect of therapeutic technologies used in the treatment of burns on the parameters of nitrogen metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, the assessment of the level of nitrites and nitrates of blood and tissues in combined thermal trauma (CTT) under the influence of NO is of scientific and practical interest. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites in the blood and organs under the influence of NO during CTT. The experiment was carried out on white male rats of the Wistar line. CTT (contact burn on the area of 20% of the body surface and thermal inhalation exposure for 20-30 seconds) was applied under anesthesia. Animals with CTT were treated daily with intraperitoneal injections of a 10% dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) solution or were inhaled with NO (20ppm). The concentration of nitrites and nitrates was determined in the blood plasma and homogenate of the liver, heart, kidneys, and lungs. CTT was accompanied by hyperproduction of NO in blood plasma on the 1st, 7th and 10th days after injury with a maximum growth on the 1st day. The largest decrease in NO2- and NO3- levels during CTT was observed in the kidneys > liver > lungs > heart. The use of DNIC in CTT led to an increase in NO2- and NO3- in the organs. Inhalations of NO during CTT increased the concentration of NO2- and NO3-  in the homogenate of the lungs > kidneys > heart > liver.

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12 THE STATE OF NITROGEN METABOLISM.pdf884.65 KB

Full-length research paper
Printed December 23, 2022;
Published ahead of print December 22, 2022; Printed December 23, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 4, pages 137-159; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-4-137-159
Abstract Full Text

Selenium and its compounds are promising immunomodulatory agents. We studied the ability of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and their combination with immunoglobulins (IgG) to influence the functional responses of immune cells and the expression profile of “stress associated”. The cytotoxic effect of Se NPs was also studied in primary and immortalized cell cultures. Se NPs were obtained by laser ablation in water followed by fragmentation. Fragmentation control was performed using acoustic and optical methods of size estimation. The size distribution of Se NPs was narrow and an average size was 100 nm. The Se NPs did not exhibit cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, hepatocytes and cell line L-929. Weak cytotoxicity was found for the HL-60 granulocyte-like culture. On a surviving culture of mouse granulocytes, no cytotoxic effect was found. The addition of Se NPs in combination with IgG can modulate the maximum and total production of ROS by murine granulocytes induced by W-peptide and PMA and modulate the proportion of granulocytes with calcium responses to Wp. Se NPs modulate the action of IgG on the physiological responses of granulocytes. In the study of gene expression, similar patterns were found. Se NPs increase the expression of HSP90, NFkb, Xrcc4, SOD2 genes; IgG enhances the effect of Se NPs, while IgG decreased the expression of these genes. This phenomenon can be explained by the interaction between Se NPs and IgG. Data of spectral methods showed the binding of IgG to Se NP surface and a partial change in the spatial structure of IgG.


Full-length research paper
Printed December 23, 2022;
Published ahead of print December 22, 2022; Printed December 23, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 4, pages 126-136; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-4-126-136
Abstract Full Text

Physico-chemical characteristics of optical-induced break-down depend weakly on the protein concentration. This factor distinguishes lysozyme from other aqueous solutions which contain objects with nano-size. The laser radiation of the lysozyme aqueous solution during different time periods shows patterns that are quite similar to the classical patterns. In this particular paper, it has been observed that the catalytic activity of lysozyme is decreasing after the laser radiation. The optical density of the protein solutions is increasing. The fluorescence intensity of the lysozyme solution is determined by the amino-acid residues. It decreases before and after the laser light influence. The position of the maximum of the excitation and emission did not change. The shape of the fluorescence signal on the 3D maps also does not change significantly. This observation suggests the degradation of the amino-acid residues. The viscosity and the pseudo plasticity of the lysozyme aqueous solutions increased. However, there is no massive damage of the polypeptide chain. On the contrary, the optical break-down shows the intensive forming of the lysozyme aggregates.


Full-length research paper
Printed December 23, 2022;
Published ahead of print December 22, 2022; Printed December 23, 2022; OM&P 2022 Volume 9 Issue 4, pages 110-125; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2022-4-110-125
Abstract Full Text

Control of the processes of survival and differentiation of immature neurons - non-newly generated immature neurons - nng-Ins - in the cortical areas of the brain is important for preventing the de-velopment of neurological dysfunction in disorders of brain development and physiological aging. We used olfactory stimuli (OS) in the dynamics of postnatal development (P21, P60) in CD1 mice. They have been exposed to the protocol of simulation and assessment of the piriform cortex activation upon olfactory stimuli presentation. Then, at 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days after stimuli presentation, we analyzed parameters of learning and memorization, social recognition, anxiety as well as the patterns of expression of nng-INs markers (DCX, PSA-NCAM), proliferation marker (Ki67), marker of postmitotic cortical neurons (Tbr1), and immediate early gene c-fos expression as a marker of neuronal activation. We found that in the period from 2 to 60 days of mice postnatal development, proliferating and non-proliferating cells co-expressing DCX and PSA-NCAM were present in the piriform cortex (PC) and responded to the presentation of olfactory stimuli. Activation of nng-INs (DCX+ PSA-NCAM+ Ki67-) in the OS-stimulated brain plasticity is more evident in the immature developing PC, whereas appearance of mitotically active neuroblasts (DCX+ PSA-NCAM+ Ki67+), presumably, coming from other neurogenic niches of the brain upon OS-driven PC activation as well as stimulus-induced differentiation of locally present nng-INs might dominate in the mature piriform cortex (P60).  Thus, immature neurons in the PC might contribute to the brain plasticity in the early ontogenesis.


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