Background: HHV-7 infection has been documented to cause CNS complications. The susceptibility to many diseases, including immune dysfunction and cancers, has been linked to SNP in the promoter region of the interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene. Objectives: to explore the rates of both HHV-7 infection and the polymorphisms in the IL-18 -607C/A (rs1946518) promoter region in a group of Iraqi patients with different brain tumors. Patients and methods: one hundred fifteen (115) freshly obtained brain tissue biopsies were enrolled in this study; 85 were from brain cancer cases whereas 30 autopsies were obtained from cases with apparently normal brain tissues as a control group. Conventional PCR was chosen both for the detection of HHV-7 and IL-18 rs1946518 SNP detection as well as sequencing. Results: according to conventional PCR analysis, 34% showed positive results for the HHV-7 genome, while 66% revealed negative results. In various types of brain cancers, HHV-7-PCR detection results were 11.8%, 5.9%, 29.4%, 11.8%, 5.9%, and 11.8% in tissues from patients with Transitional Meningioma, Meningotheliomatous Meningioma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Diffuse Fibrillary Astrocytoma, Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, Atypical Meningioma, and Pilocytic Astrocytoma, respectively. The polymorphism distributions according to GG; AA and GA genotypes of IL-18 607C/A (rs1946518) polymorphism were 37.1%; 57.1%, and 5.7%, respectively, in the patients’ group and 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively, in the control group. Conclusion: the detected rates of HHV-7 as well as IL-18 607C/A (rs1946518) polymorphism have shed light on the possibility that they might have played or contributed a role in the brain tumors’ development.
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 07_DETECTION RATES OF HHV-7 INFECTION.pdf | 1.08 MB |
The Alans represent a medieval nomadic pastoral people of the North Caucasus, who settled in Europe as a result of the Great Migration of Peoples. The genetic data of the Alans of the early Middle Ages and their relationship with the ancient and modern European populations remain insufficiently studied. It is assumed that the haplogroup G-P15 of the Y-chromosome was introduced in the Alans as a result of admixture with the autochthonous populations of the Caucasus. However, the impact of the Alan gene pool on the Medieval European populations appears to be unlikely, which may also indicate the absence of a significant genetic flow from steppe populations to European populations during the early Middle Ages.
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| 06_DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOGROUP G-P15.pdf | 836.32 KB |
The role of macrophages in nanomedicine is widely recognized, but systemically administered drug nanocarriers are rapidly absorbed and eliminated by the mononuclear phagocyte system, consisting of resident macrophages, primarily in the liver. As a result, most encapsulated drugs are eliminated from circulation, resulting in unwanted side effects. Peritoneal macrophages, on the contrary, by ingesting nanoparticles and migrating to tumor cells, can promote the antitumor effect. This article describes the preparation of complexes based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) coated with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4) with a protein corona (PC) from native and denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA and dBSA). The efficiency of UCNP-protein complexes uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages has been demonstrated. The use of this approach is a promising area of oncology, since instead of inefficient systemic intravenous delivery, peritoneal delivery is used, which can become the key to solving the problem of peritoneal cavity cancers.
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| 05_STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF AN ARTIFICIALLY FORMED PROTEIN.pdf | 1.27 MB |
One of the main causes of death worldwide at the moment is cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for at least 14.6-20.6% of all incidences of BC. This study was conducted to provide evidence supporting the therapeutic use of combinatorial regimens of CDK4/6 inhibitors for TNBC patients. Exosomes were used to characterize cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from BC patients. The MD-MBA-453 and MCF7 cells were transfected using the labelled exosomes. Cell viability, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and OCR were determined. The expression levels of small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3), pyruvate kinase M1/M2 (PKM), and miR330-5p in the transfected cells were measured. Stable cell lines and a BC mouse model were generated to investigate test DNA and RNA sequences. The results showed that exosomes produced from CAFs were able to reprogram metabolic pathways following their absorption by tumor cells. PKM could be targeted by miR330-5p as well as SNHG3 in BC cells. By upregulating expression linked to miR330-5p and downregulating PKM in tumor cells, SNHG3 inhibited the growth of cells. Exosomes released by breast CAFs reduced the OCR of MD-MBA-453 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that exosomes secreted by CAFs altered the metabolic pathways regarding BC cells and decreased mitochondrial activity. SNHG3 inhibited miR330 expression in vitro by acting like a molecular sponge. The findings of this study suggest that, when treating cancer, focusing on exosome-mediated communication between cancer and stromal cells may have therapeutic potential.
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| 04_EXPLORING SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA HOST GENE 3.pdf | 591.8 KB |
Colloidal solutions of cerium and selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using the laser ablation method in deionized water. The resulting nanoparticle samples had a monomodal size distribution. The studied nanoparticles at a concentration of 1011 NPs/ml inhibit the peroxidase activity of neutrophil myeloperoxidase by approximately 10–15%. At the same time, the average fluorescence intensity of neutrophils, which exhibit both CD11b and CD66b on their surface, increases, which is a sign of degranulation of specific and gelatinase granules, as well as secretory vesicles. The studied particles of cerium and selenium have the ability to initiate secretory degranulation of neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. After the addition of cerium nanoparticles to neutrophils, an increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide by neutrophils was recorded. At the same time, the assembly of NADPH oxidase was probably activated in neutrophils after they absorbed the nanoparticles. It has been shown that cerium and selenium nanoparticles are capable of initiating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. In general, the data obtained suggest that cerium nanoparticles in the considered range of concentrations contribute to a more pronounced activation of neutrophils under in vitro conditions compared to selenium nanoparticles.
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| 03_EFFECT OF CERIUM AND SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES.pdf | 1.02 MB |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of an unknown etiology and, according to recent studies, vitamin D, vitamin C, and uric acid may all play an important role in the pathophysiology of RA. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the correlation between the levels of vitamin C and uric acid with vitamin D level in 110 patients with RA who were divided into three groups depending on their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. The results revealed that only 27.27% of our RA patients had sufficient serum 25(OH)D (≥ 30 ng/mL), whereas 72.73% of RA patients had deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels (< 30 ng/mL). In females, the percentage of those with vitamin D level < 30 ng/mL was higher (63.75%) than that in males (36.25%). According to different levels of vitamin D in RA patients’ groups, a significant decrease in the level of vitamin C (p = 0.0001) was observed while a non-significant difference was found in the level of serum uric acid (p = 0.527). Meanwhile, no significant correlations were observed (P > 0.05) between levels of vitamin C and uric acid with vitamin D level in patients with RA. On the other hand, a negative correlation between serum vitamin C level and uric acid level was found (P = 0.0001), which indicates RA patients suffered from vitamin C deficiency regardless of the level of vitamin D and they had hyperuricemia which had a negative correlation with vitamin C.
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| 02_CORRELATION OF SERUM VITAMIN C LEVEL.pdf | 682.67 KB |
Globally, chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection causes chronic liver disease, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, many CHB patients have comorbid medical problems and varying degrees of renal impairment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CHI3L1 in diagnosing liver fibrosis in the studied cases and assess the clinical and physiological factors during disease cases. 90 blood samples were collected from patients in the Dialysis Unit at Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Yathrib township, Aldhuluiya city, Al-Shuhada Health Center in the period from September 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. 60 of these samples were obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus diagnosed by doctors and divided into two groups: group one: 30 chronic hepatitis B patients (19 males, 11 females) aged 20-67; group two: 30 chronic hepatitis B patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (18 males, 12 females) aged 24-68. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals (19 males, 11 females) aged 20-55. Results indicated a substantial increase in CHI3L1 levels (174.41 ± 38.45a) in CHB patients compared to CKD patients (137.30 ± 37.8b) and controls (126.10 ± 30.0b) at P ≤ 0.05. A substantial rise in creatinine levels was observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B due to CKD (group 2) compared to CHB (group 1) and controls with a p-value ≤0.05. The mean ± SD of B.urea was 151.40 ± 24.2a in CKD patients (group 2), 31.26 ± 7.55b in CHB patients (group 1), and 27.54 ± 6.24b in controls (p-value ≤ 0.05). At p-value <0.05, CRP mean ± SD were 23.860 ± 4.220a in CKD patients (group 2), 4.040 ± 0.422b in CHB patients (group 1), and 4.200 ± 0.436b in controls. In chronic hepatitis B patients, CHI3L1 levels increase significantly. Chronic renal illness increases B.urea, creatinine, and CRP in chronic hepatitis B.
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| 01_ASSESSMENT OF SOME BIOMARKER OF LIVER FIBROSIS.pdf | 521.15 KB |
Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of cell and tissue culture in the fields of bioengineering, cell biology, and genetics; however, these achievements have largely focused on mammalian systems. In vitro studies on fish cells and tissues have been relatively limited, but the use of fish cell lines as in vitro models for environmental toxicology, particularly cytotoxicity analysis, has been significant. In addition, cultured cells have been used to study fish parasites and as in vitro models for screening immunostimulants. Skeletal muscle is the most important edible tissue in fish and rapid muscle growth determines the advantages of in vivo aquaculture. The generation of fish muscle cell lines can help to provide a reliable platform for deciphering the mechanism of fish skeletal muscle growth both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, cultured fish meat is a promising technology for animal protein-based foods and the concept of cell biomass meat from fish needs to be further developed. Our data demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining and culturing sterlet muscle cells in vitro. This study highlights the potential advantages of cell aquaculture over traditional fishing and aquaculture, and the potential applications of fish muscle cell lines in the study of fish skeletal muscle growth and the production of edible cultured fish meat products.
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| 12 ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF STERLET MYOBLASTS.pdf | 636.75 KB |
This study evaluated the effect of different diets on the probiotic (lacto-, bifidobacteria) and opportunistic (yeast, Escherichia coli) intestinal microflora of CD1 mice. The high-fat diet contained 40% animal fat (lard) and the high-fiber diet contained 40% freeze-dried fiber. The intestinal microflora was determined by the standard method of seeding the contents of the intestine on selective culture media (MPС, Blaurock, Sabouraud, Endo). The results showed that on the 50th day of the experiment in the group of mice with a high fat content, the population of probiotic cultures of lacto- and bifidobacteria decreased, while the population of yeast and enterobacteria increased, compared with the starting point of the experiment and the control group of mice. The weight of mice in this group by the end of the experiment increased by 16%. In the group of mice with a high content of insoluble fiber, a decrease in the populations of probiotic cultures, yeasts and enterobacteria was observed. At the same time, the weight of mice increased by 13.6%. Thus, high fat intake in the diet entails possible disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, an increase in opportunistic microflora, which can lead to intestinal diseases. When using a large amount of insoluble fiber, on the contrary, it leads to a decrease in microflora in general. This is most likely due to a lack of nutrients and enough nutrients (proteins and fats) in the diet, which are still necessary for the microflora.
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| 11 IMPACT OF A HIGH-FAT AND HIGH-FIBER DIET.pdf | 1.17 MB |
Norovirus infection is a leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to analyze the antigenic properties of the VP1 protein of norovirus GII.4 Sydney [P16] circulating in Russia. The analysis was conducted using in silico methods. VP1 amino acid sequence data was used to identify T-helper and T-killer epitopes, linear and conformational B-cell epitopes to assess the conservation of epitopes, and allergenicity of VP1. T cell epitopes with the highest estimated immunogenicity were identified at positions 207-223 and 378-394 in the S- and P-domains of the protein. The tertiary structure of VP1 was modeled, and 2 linear and 47 conformational B-cell epitopes were identified. In addition to the previously described epitopes, a new putative B-cell epitope was identified at position 307-316 of the P2 subdomain. In silico analysis of the primary and tertiary structure of the norovirus VP1 protein showed that it is not allergenic and has various immunogenic epitopes, potentially capable of inducing T- and B-cell immune responses.
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| 10 IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES.pdf | 737.82 KB |
