Nowadays, manned cosmonautics is faced with the task of carrying out a long-term space flight beyond the limits of low Earth orbit. Under the conditions of an orbital space flight, a person is exposed to a number of adverse effects on the body, among which microgravity is especially distinguished. Prolonged exposure to microgravity can lead to severe immune impairment. At present, immunological studies of cosmonauts can be conducted only after they return to Earth at the end of a space flight, as a result of which the use of ground-based models that imitate specific space factors seems to be an advanced direction. A well-studied microgravity model is bed rest, during which volunteers are kept in strict rest in bed. Granulocytes, as representatives of innate immunity, are the first among immune cells to respond to an altered state of the body; therefore, researches of the influence of bed rest on the granulocyte phenotypic characteristics can provide important information for the development of prophylaxis measures to the immune disorders’ development when exposed to microgravity. The work used data obtained from six subjects. The impact of bed rest was determined at the end of the model, after 21 days. The following granulocyte clusters of differentiation (CD) were studied by flow cytometry: CD25, CD64, CD23, CD14, CD16, CD36, CD11b, CD18, CD286. Tendencies to a decrease in the percentage of CD64+ subpopulation and an increase in the percentage of CD23+, as well as CD25+ subpopulation of granulocytes after 21 days of bed rest were revealed.
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 5 IMPACT OF 21-DAY BED REST ON THE PHENOTYPIC FEATURES.pdf | 306.12 KB |
Using fluorescence microscopy, morphological analysis of cell growth, and PCR analysis, we have shown that deletion of the Satb2 transcription factor in mouse cortical neurons results in impaired neuronal network development in vitro. It was found that primary cell cultures of the cerebral cortex obtained from Satb2-null mice are not able to form a developed network of neurites during 5 days of cultivation, while cells from control mice are characterized at this time by a fully developed network of neuronal processes. Analysis of protein kinases expression involved in the processes of neuron differentiation and neurites growth showed that deletion of Satb2 leads to suppression of the expression of genes encoding protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), while not affecting the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Activation of neurites outgrowth and differentiation of Satb2-null neurons was achieved by the application of exogenous activators of Akt/PKB, CaMKII and PI3K, but not PKC, the expression and activity of which is probably completely suppressed by the deletion of Satb2.
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| 4 THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SATB2 REGULATES THE DEVELOPMENT.pdf | 1.34 MB |
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective and most commonly used methods of cancer treatment. However, as a result of irradiation, there are side effects that occur as a result of ionizing radiation on healthy tissues. The use of a combined approach with the use of low doses of radiation and antitumor drugs that have a radiosensitizing effect may be one of the ways to reduce side effects and overcome the resistance of malignant cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effects of radiotherapy and the chemotherapeutic agent Doxorubicin on A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line. The cells were incubated with the antitumor antibiotic Doxorubicin and then exposed to high-energy electron ionizing radiation. The cell viability was examined using the MTT assay. The results showed that Doxorubicin acts as a radiosensitizer. Moreover, the combined effect of Doxorubicin and high-energy ionizing radiation of electrons is additive. According to the obtained results, combination therapy used in the treatment of oncological diseases can significantly reduce the radiation dose and minimize the side effects that occur during high doses of irradiation.
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| 3 THE EFFECT OF IONIZING RADIATION.pdf | 395.29 KB |
Pressure sores remain an important clinical problem with significant socioeconomic implications. The pressure sores treatment via reparative processes activation in tissues by low-temperature plasma discharges was studied in the present work. Low-temperature plasma discharges were initiated by high-frequency 0.11, 2.64, 6.78, and 13.56 MHz current. It is shown that the optimal current frequency for the generation of the cold plasma is 6.78 MHz. This current frequency was used in clinical studies of pressure sores treatment with cold plasma discharges of the glow type. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated by analysis of histological samples, histochemical and bacteriological methods. Low-temperature plasma discharge treatment improved the dynamic of pressure sore healing, activated reparative processes in injured tissues, and decreased bacteria numbers in a wound. The most pronounced effect was observed after 14-21 days. The low-temperature plasma discharges accelerated pressure sores healing from 14 to 16% compared with non-treated by cold plasma wound. The effect depended on the pressure sores etiology. Low-temperature plasma discharges of glow type may be considered as an effective approach to pressure sores therapy.
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| 2 THERAPY OF PRESSURE SORES VIA ACTIVATION.pdf | 950.22 KB |
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used to treat many types of tumors. However, the widespread use of PDT is limited by a number of factors, including low selectivity of photosensitizer (PS) accumulation in tumor tissue. We have synthesized the novel third-generation photosensitizer, conjugate of zinc complex of chlorine e6 with maltose and biotin (Chl-Mal-B7). The introduction of maltose and biotin is intended to provide high selectivity to tumor cells often characterized by high-level expression of receptors for these molecules. It was shown that Chl-Mal-B7 intensively absorbs light and fluoresces in a far-red spectral region with a quantum yield of about 10%. Chl-Mal-B7 demonstrated photoinduced toxicity in submicromolar concentrations against cancer cells that is several times more effective compared to nonmalignant cells.
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| 1 NOVEL CHLORINE E6 CONJUGATE WITH DUAL TARGETING TO CANCER CELLS.pdf | 747.88 KB |
The dynamics of electroencephalographic (EEG) reactions were analyzed under a combination of resonance scanning and EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation in the process of the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome (PCS). It has been shown that the introduction of resonant scanning before adaptive neurostimulation makes it possible to observe the dynamics of resonant EEG reactions, provides activation of potential EEG oscillators of the brain, and increases the responsiveness of the brain to subsequent adaptive neurostimulation. Complex treatment procedures, due to the progressive involvement of resonant and adaptive mechanisms and mechanisms of neuroplasticity, contribute to the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with PCS, which manifests itself in the normalization of the EEG, a decrease in stress levels, and an improvement in emotional state and mood of the patients.
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| 11 DYNAMICS OF EEG REACTIONS.pdf | 539.45 KB |
Aim of the study: to analyze the results of performing retrograde perfusion of the pulmonary artery during an open thromboembolectomy from the pulmonary artery. Materials and methods: the experience of performing retrograde perfusion of the pulmonary artery in 10 patients operated in our clinic for massive pulmonary embolism is presented. Retrograde perfusion was performed after the stage of embolectomy from the pulmonary artery. For the latter, we used a disposable cardioplegic solution delivery system and 2 cardioplegic pumps of the heart-lung machine: the first for taking blood perfusate from the oxygenator, the second for supplying the combined solution. The blood perfusate and solution were mixed in a 3:1 ratio and injected selectively into the orifices of the pulmonary veins under a pressure of up to 20 mm Hg. (volume perfusion rate 200-250 ml/min) for 4 minutes. Results: despite the initial severity of the patients' condition, as well as the amount of surgical intervention performed, the hospital survival rate was 100%. Along with this, we did not note the development of specific complications, as well as the aggravation of the course of the intraoperative and early postoperative periods. Conclusion: retrograde pulmonary artery perfusion is a very encouraging and promising technique that provides effective and safe removal of small thromboembolism from the peripheral parts of the pulmonary arterial bed, as well as preventing the development of residual pulmonary hypertension as a result of developing intraoperative air embolism.
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| 10 POSSIBILITIES AND PERSPECTIVES OF RETROGRADE PULMONARY.pdf | 509.11 KB |
Objectives: the study evaluates the effectiveness of reverse cardiac remodeling in patients after surgical treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: the analysis of the surgical treatment of 202 patients with mitral valve disease complicated by PH (more than 40 mmHg) and AF was performed. The surgical intervention consisted in surgical correction of mitral dysfunction (valve replacement or repair) – the group 1 of patients (n = 62). Patients of the second group (n = 89) additionally underwent the Maze IV procedure for concomitant AF using the AtriCure bipolar radiofrequency ablator. Patients of the group 3 (n = 51) underwent a complex surgical intervention consisting of mitral valve surgery, AF correction using Maze IV, circular radiofrequency denervation of the trunk and orifices of the pulmonary arteries (PA) (Pulmonary Artery Denervation - PADN). Results: PADN can significantly reduce the level of LH in the postoperative period (р2 = 0.018 compared with other groups) and promotes reverse cardiac remodeling by reducing its cavities. Complex surgical correction of patients with mitral valve disease, AF and severe PH can significantly reduce the severity of heart failure (р2 = 0.023 compared to the group without PADN). Conclusion: the PADN circular procedure is effective and safe. Further analysis of the effectiveness of PADN with a grouping of a larger number of patients, analysis of long-term results, and determination of the feasibility of this technique in patients with non-valvular forms of PH is needed.
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| 9 ENHANCED REVERSE CARDIAC REMODELING.pdf | 702.79 KB |
Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a neurodegenerative disorder that afflicts the aboriginal people of Yakutia in Siberia. The disease is characterized by a progressive duration and aseptic inflammatory episodes, with intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG (OCBs) in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of soluble ligands and receptors of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily as potential participants in VE pathogenesis. To achieve this goal, we measured the levels of sTNF-α, sFas-L, sTRAIL, sCD40L ligands, and sCD40 receptor by ELISA in the plasma of VE patients compared with healthy individuals of the same population and patients with demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as examples of disorders involving immune pathology. In addition, the same markers were analyzed in the CSF of VE patients and patients with demyelinating diseases. The results obtained showed that the increased level of plasma sTNF-α in VE patients was associated with the detection of OCBs (p = 0.01; two-tailed Student’s t-test). The sCD40L level in plasma was significantly increased in VE patients, regardless of the presence of an inflammatory component (p = 0.001; Student's t-test), and their healthy relatives (p = 0.004; Student's t-test). Our results suggested that increased blood sCD40L levels are associated with the chronic form of VE and may participate in the predisposition to the disease. Increased blood sCD40L levels may lead to pathology of the vascular endothelium in the brain and the development of VE pathology.
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| 8 SOLUBLE LIGANDS OF THE TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR.pdf | 499.88 KB |
Deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the development and remodeling of blood vessels is one of the topical areas of modern (patho)physiology and cell biology. Initially, interest in these processes was mainly associated with the need to find the mechanisms of tissues and organ developments, as well as the vascularization of tumors. In recent years, mechanisms of (neo)angiogenesis in physiological conditions and pathologies have attracted the increasing attention of researchers. In the context of the central nervous system physiology, this issue is quite new; however, there is accumulating experimental and clinical evidence that brain plasticity includes not only phenomenon of neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, dynamic changes in the number and activity of synapses, various intercellular interactions, secretion of a wide range of neurotransmitters, gliotransmitters, cytokines and growth factors, but also specific changes in local microcirculation, establishment and regression of microvessels, and altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier in active brain regions. Until now, mechanisms underlying the development and involution of blood vessels in the brain tissue are very scattered; however, some signaling pathways have been identified, in particular, those associated with the response of cells to hypoxia. Obviously, identification of such mechanisms is important for a better understanding of brain development and plasticity, searching for new marker molecules and target molecules used for the accurate diagnostics, effective treatment and reliable prognosis of brain pathologies associated with insufficient or excessive tissue vasculariza-tion and aberrant vessel remodeling, as well as for adequate reproduction of cerebral vascular networks within the in vitro microphysiological systems.
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| 7 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ANGIOGENESIS.pdf | 783.06 KB |
