Laser light‑scattering analyzers, based on recording the radiation intensity in forward, side, and back scattering, have physical and technical limitations that prevent the implementation of universal technical solutions based on them for integration into industrial systems. Within the scope of the study, an improved scatterometric method is proposed. It is based on recording the radiation intensity in back scattering and enables component‑level diagnostics of highly scattering media (in particular, milk) regardless of their geometric features. This will allow the development of universal technical tools based on this method for integration into industrial quality control systems. A mathematical model of such light‑scattering systems has been developed, and an experimental prototype of the device based on the described method has been proposed.
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 10_Ivliev_111-124.pdf | 1.19 MB |
The molecular genetic polymorphism of human herpes virus 6B (HHV6B) circulating among healthy virus carriers of a large city in the European part of Russia (Nizhny Novgorod) was studied. Using sequencing, we established the nucleotide sequences of the U90B gene fragment of HHV6B isolated from samples of peripheral blood leukocytes and saliva of clinically healthy virus carriers. The virus genovariant was determined according to the previously developed subspecies classification of HHV6B. The circulation of four HHV6B genovariants with different pathogenetic potential was revealed: dominant GV2e and GV2b and minor GV1a and GV2a. There was the difference of HHV6B genovariant structure in subjects of different age: among healthy virus carriers over 35 years old, only one HHV6B genovariant (GV2e) was detected, among people from 8 to 35 years old — three genovariants (GV2e, GV2b, GV1a), among children under 8 years old — all four genovariants. Phylogenetic modeling of the HHV6B population dynamics in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod was performed. The most probable model of the spread of virus genovariants in the population was established, suggesting the initial circulation of GV2e and successive imports of genovariants GV2b (approximately 1979), GV1a (1996) and GV2a (2007). According to this model, for most healthy virus carriers after HHV6B infection in early childhood, the genovariant of the virus does not change during the rest of the life. However, a case of a healthy virus carrier with two genovariants of HHV6B localized in different compartments (blood leukocytes and saliva) was established.
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| 09_Filatova_101-110.pdf | 1.52 MB |
In recent years, Danio rerio fish (D. rerio) have become increasingly used in the field of biological narcology to study the effects of narcogens on behavior and neurochemistry in the brain. In order to study the effect of ethanol, D. rerio was used most often. We analyzed all available studies and summarized information on behavior and neurochemistry obtained using different protocols for modeling chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal status on D. rerio. The analysis of the publications allowed us to identify three approaches used to model chronic alcoholism on D. rerio. Such a generalization of the available data will be beneficial for researchers who use D. rerio as a model object to solve their problems in this area of research.
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| 08_Eresko_90-100.pdf | 1.22 MB |
Nonlinear Phenomena in Neural Networks of the Brain During Monochromatic Sinusoidal Photostimulation
This work presents digital mapping of nonlinear processes in the neural networks of the human brain under different parameters of monochromatic sinusoidal photostimulation. It is shown that during complex bifrequency sinusoidal photostimulation, a nonlinear response is observed in the electrical activity of the cortex. This response manifests as the presence of components in the EEG spectra that are absent from the applied stimuli. These components are both harmonically related to the stimulus and are sums and differences of the stimulus frequencies. New data on the spatial and dynamic features of EEG mappings of nonlinear processes in the brain's neural networks are presented. Based on experimental data, an operational model of EEG response formation is proposed. This model is based on the operation of amplitude modulation (multiplication) of induced rhythms with each other. The products of these multiplications (paraharmonics) are localized in different neural networks, representing independent processes. The operation of rhythm multiplication can be considered a computational process that enables the implementation of various functional systems. Amplitude modulation, i.e., the multiplication of rhythms induced by external harmonic stimulation, may underlie the active nonlinear operations performed by the nervous system during the perception of sensory signals. The role of these nonlinear processes in activating neuroplasticity mechanisms is discussed.
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| 07_Bondar_79-89.pdf | 2.65 MB |
Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of ovarian cancer (OC). Genetic variants in DNA repair genes, including XRCC1, may be significant markers for this disease. We aimed to assess the association of XRCC1 rs1799782 and rs25487 with ovarian cancer risk via a case-control study in Bashkortostan and a subsequent meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: This study included DNA samples isolated from venous blood of patients with ovarian cancer (n = 227) and women without cancer (n = 286). Genotyping of XRCC1 polymorphisms (rs1799782, rs25487) was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis. We assessed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis incorporating our data with previously published studies. Pooled ORs were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. Results: The rs1799782 polymorphism showed no significant association with ovarian cancer risk in the case-control study (p > 0.05), consistent with the low heterogeneity observed in the meta-analysis (I² = 35.2%). For rs25487, the A allele was associated with decreased ovarian cancer risk in the Bashkortostan population (p = 0,035). However, the meta-analysis revealed the opposite trend, with the same allele conferring increased risk of gynecologic malignancies (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–1.39, p = 0.046), alongside substantial heterogeneity (I² = 69%). This pooled estimate aligns with previous meta-analyses reporting increased risk in Asian populations. Conclusion: XRCC1 rs25487 exhibits population-specific effects on ovarian cancer risk: protective in the Bashkortostan population but risk-associated globally. rs1799782 shows no association with ovarian cancer, despite its reported role in other gynecologic malignancies. These findings underscore the need for population-stratified genetic studies.
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| 06_Andreeva_67-78.pdf | 1.41 MB |
We investigated the effects of pulsed magnetic fields at various combinations of magnetic induction values on the development of stress responses induced by adrenaline administration. The study assessed blood glucose levels, malondialdehyde in erythrocytes, transaminase activity, sialic acid levels, beta-adrenergic reactivity using spectrophotometry, and the condition of white blood cells through microscopy. Preliminary exposure to the pulsed magnetic field (PMF), regardless of the mode of application, exhibited a cytoprotective effect by neutralizing reactions triggered by adrenaline administration. When applied to a conditionally healthy subject, the pulsed magnetic field, regardless of the exposure mode, acted as a stressor, causing increased membrane permeability due to heightened lipid peroxidation processes.
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| 05_Ananyeva_55-66.pdf | 543.6 KB |
Background: Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) is a dysregulation in renal function concurrently present with systemic inflammatory processes and neuroimmune interactions. Among the Iraqi cohort of patients with CRI, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-10, TNF-α). Methods: Thirty CRI patients and thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants had blood samples collected for measurement of serum AChE and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-10, TNF-α) using validated commercial ELISA kits. The hematological and biochemical parameters were also assessed. Results: TNF‑α was markedly elevated in Iraqi CRI patients and moderately correlated with AChE (r = 0.472, p < 0.01), while IL-1α and IL-10 were elevated but weakly correlated with AChE (r = 0.196 and 0.239, p > 0.05). Conclusion: TNF‑α may be a central mediator linking systemic inflammation with cholinergic perturbation in Iraqi CRI patients, whereas IL-1α and IL-10 have less influence on AChE. This study is the first to measure these markers simultaneously, supporting further exploration of TNF‑α and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) as potential therapeutic targets.
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| 04_Majeed_40-54.pdf | 1.82 MB |
Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a complex endocrine condition true cppHip1 which is characterized by calcium imbalance with abnormal bone turnover with significant skeletal morbidities. The aim of the study was to investigate links between BMD markers and clinical evolution of variants of hyperparathyroidism, mainly focusing on primary and secondary forms related to vitamin D deficit and chronic renal failure. An observational cross-sectional study for 11 months on 200 adult male patients was conducted and the patients were divided into four groups as healthy control group, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to vitamin D deficiency and SHPT due to renal failure. Plasma biochemical, hormonal and bone metabolic markers from blood samples were measured as previously described. The two groups presented different metabolic profile, including higher PTH levels, alterations in calcium and vitamin D homeostasis and markers for high bone turnover. This was particularly the case for kidney-related SHPT. PTH was inversely related to calcium and vitamin D3 and directly related to the bone resorption markers suggesting different patterns of skeletal remodeling. Conclusions: These findings highlight the progressive skeletal consequences of hyperparathyroidism and point to a potential use for these biochemical stand-ins in determining severity. Severe bone disease may be avoided with early detection and treatment of metabolic abnormalities.
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| 03_Kader_27-39.pdf | 1.03 MB |
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common respiratory condition in neonates with many complications. Early identification of neonates at risk of complications is essential for timely management. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum biomarkers—lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)—for complications in neonates with TTN. This is a cross-section study including 88 neonates diagnosed with TTN. Serum levels of LDH, TNF-α, and IL-1β were measured at admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive accuracy of each biomarker. Complications occurred in 13 neonates (14.8%). Median serum levels of LDH, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly higher in neonates who developed complications compared to those who did not. ROC curve analysis revealed that LDH had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.926, with 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity at a cut-off value of 1000 U/L. TNF-α demonstrated an AUC of 0.938 (cut-off: 82.75 pg/mL), with 90% sensitivity and 85% specificity. IL-1β had an AUC of 0.878, with 80% sensitivity and 79% specificity at a cut-off of 19.4 pg/mL. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of LDH, TNF-α, and IL-1β at admission are significantly associated with the risk of complications in neonates with TTN. These biomarkers may serve as valuable early predictors for identifying high-risk patients and guiding clinical decision-making.
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| 02_Al-Khayat_15-26.pdf | 908.57 KB |
Background: Peyer's patches represent highly specialized GALT that plays a key role in mucosal immune surveillance. FAE covering Peyer's patches differs structurally and functionally from the adjacent villous epithelium; however, regulation of its barrier function by cholinergic signaling remains poorly understood. Methods: Ex vivo, electrophysiological recordings were done with Peyer’s patch FAE isolated from the small intestine of male Wistar rats using the Ussing chamber technique. TER was recorded over a period of 70 minutes under control conditions, following the administration of acetylcholine, nicotinic receptor blockade using Mec, and combined treatment. Results: Control tissues exhibited a time-dependent progressive decline in TER. Blockade of nicotinic receptors with Mec significantly reduced TER, consistent with a contribution of endogenous cholinergic tone to barrier maintenance. Ach alone failed to produce a statistically significant alteration in TER. The combination of Ach and Mec produced an attenuated response compared to Mec alone, consistent with an interaction between cholinergic stimulation and receptor blockade in regulating epithelial barrier dynamics. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that cholinergic signaling regulates epithelial barrier function in Peyer’s patch FAE in a context-dependent manner. The different responses to Ach and nicotinic receptor inhibition underline the unique physiological properties of this specialized epithelium and point toward non-neuronal cholinergic pathways as modulators of the immune-epithelial interface in the gut.
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| 01_Alazzamee_5-14.pdf | 1.3 MB |
