Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers both globally and in Russia. In 2023, the incidence rate in Russia was 90.2 per 100,000 people (Kaprin et al., 2024). In the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), 742 new cases were identified in 2023, ranking RB third in the Volga Federal District after the Republic of Tatarstan and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Our study used a sample consisting of DNA samples isolated from the peripheral venous blood of gastric cancer patients and healthy donors aged 21 to 88 years living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The patient group consisted of 156 individuals. A control group of 307 unrelated healthy donors without gastrointestinal diseases, including individuals of various nationalities and residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan, was tested. One promising area is the study of mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of changes in energy metabolism, which are among the hallmarks of malignancy (Lee et al., 2014). We observed a risk effect of mtDNA haplogroup H in the Bashkir group (p = 0.03, OR = 3.14) and a protective effect in the Russian group (p = 0.01, OR = 0.296).
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