Genomic instability is one of the biomarkers of aging. Studies show that the spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes increases with age. However, it is not yet fully understood whether there is an agedependent increase in genomic instability. The aim of this study was to establish the patterns of the influence of age on the level of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. For this purpose, the spontaneous frequency of chromosomal aberrations, mitotic activity and the number of aneuploidies in the lymphocytes of centenarians (people over 85 years old) were assessed. A standard cytogenetic research method was used. It was shown that the overall frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes in centenarians was significantly higher than in the control group. It was revealed that there is a decrease in the mitotic activity of lymphocytes in the sample of centenarians, while the level of aneuploidies corresponds to the control group. It was also found that, despite the fact that the total number of aberrations increases with age, a decrease in the frequency of deletions is observed in the group of centenarians. No correlation was found between biological age and the frequency of aberrations.
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 Features of Karyotype Changes in Centenarians.pdf | 398.86 KB |
The research of stress reaction under the influence of bee venom and immobilization on rat is made in this paper. It is demonstrated that the stress reaction is developed under the influence of both factors. However, it’s shown that the second phase of stress reaction connected with hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and glucocorticoid concentration increase predominates in case of bee venom injection. The revealed prolongation of the second, compensatory phase may define the organism resistance increase after the bee venom injection and bee venom therapeutic action.
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| The Particularities of Organism Stress Reaction Development under the Influence of Bee Venom.pdf | 610.34 KB |
The possibility of using laser interference microscopy to explore the morphological and functional state of erythrocytes was studied. The possibilities of this method based on the rapid determination of the structure and physiological state of erythrocytes were shown. The analysis of erythrocytes by laser interference microscopy showed that erythrocytes have a typical biconcave discocyte shape. On erythrocytes’ surface, there is a slight heterogeneity due to the presence of membrane-bound proteins. The impact on erythrocytes of stress hormones caused changes in erythrocyte surface that were different from physiologically normal. Numerous loosening of the structure appeared on cell surface during erythrocyte incubation with cortisol. Incubation of cells with adrenaline caused a greater effect of erythrocyte membranes deformation which was expressed by the appearance of convex seals and spicules on the surface. The molecular mechanisms of membrane modifications arising under the action of adrenaline and cortisol were discussed. The results of the work may be interesting both for basic research of erythrocyte properties and for practical medicine.
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| Research of Erythrocytes Membranes Change by Laser Interference Microscopy.pdf | 691.41 KB |
The features of ischemic brain injury outcome in C57BL/6 mice depending on the right or left common carotid artery occlusion are characterized. The right-hemispheric focal ischemia decreases the body weight, causes spatial memory impairment, and activates the development of a pronounced long-term neurological deficit characterized by ipsilateral limb paralysis, ptosis and muscle dystrophy, which is accompanied by perivascular brain tissue edema. In the left-hemispheric focal ischemia, the neurological status impairments are also observed, but they less pronounced than in case of right-hemispheric ischemia. Moreover, preference to study novelty is reduced, and long-term emotional strain is revealed. The peculiarity of ischemic injury using the left common carotid artery occlusion is accompanied by the presence of hemorrhages and dilated capillaries in the damaged brain hemisphere.
The present study is dedicated to the investigation of slow-waves in heart rate activity of healthy persons. Approaches to the description of the cardiovascular functional states using the dynamic characteristics of the amplitudephase coupling mechanisms of the electrocardiographic signal are described. Amplitude-phase coupling based pattern extracting was carried out. Suggested informative features and patterns of regulatory systems will allow the analysis of the diagnostic procedure results with reference to the central mechanisms of regulation and control.
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| Extraction of Functional State Patterns Based on Amplitude-Phase Coupling of ECG.pdf | 415.85 KB |
The aim of this study was to examine the antidepressant-like responses to vitamin D3 (VD3) subcutaneous (s.c.) supplementation (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg) in middle-aged long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with a low dose of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) (0.5 μg/rat, s.c.) exposed to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Sucrose preference (SPT), forced swimming (FST), and open-field (OFT) tests were performed to measure anhedonia, depressionlike state, and locomotor/grooming activities, respectively. Glial cell line-derived factor (GDNF) levels in the hippocampus of middle-aged long-term OVX rats following CUMS treated with VD3 were measured using ELISA and Western blotting. The serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in the hippocampus were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The findings demonstrated that VD3 (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) in a combination with a low dose of 17β-E2 increased sucrose consumption in the SPT and decreased depression-like behavior in the FST of middle-aged long-term OVX rats exposed to CUMS. This dose of VD3 elevated hippocampal GDNF protein expression and increased 5-HT/5-HIAA levels in middle-aged long-term OVX rats plus 17β-E2 compared to the middle-aged OVX rats plus 17β-E2 with CUMS. The other two doses of VD3 (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) failed to modify both GDNF protein levels and 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus of middle-aged long-term OVX rats treated with 17β-E2 exposed to CUMS. Thus, treatment with a low dose of VD3 (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) in a combination with a low dose of 17β-E2 enhanced antianhedonic-/antidepressant-like effects of both substances in middle-aged long-term OVX rats exposed to CUMS.
In this paper we studied the RBC electrophoretic mobility, cytomorphological and cytogenetic parameters of buccal epithelial cells and morphology of adrenal glands under the influence of adrenalin which was injected to simulate a stress in rat body. It’s established that an initial increase of the activity of brain substance neuroendocrinocytes (during the first hour) with further increase of the activity of the adrenal cortex (from 1 day) are combined with the change of RBC electrophoretic mobility index: at first it decreases and then it increases. Besides the cells with signs of cytotoxic changes appear. The absence of cells with karyopyknosis in stressed animal bodies indicates that the mechanisms of natural resistance of buccal epithelial cells preserve. It’s associated with the development of adaptive processes.
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| FUNCTIONAL CONJUGATION OF RBC ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY.pdf | 483.42 KB |
The article presents a brief history of the formation of scientific ideas about kidney physiology and the mechanisms of water-salt metabolism regulation in Novosibirsk, as well as the role of some physiologists in the development of these views. The beginning of the development of renal physiology in Novosibirsk was the idea by A.G. Ginetsinsky about the reflex osmoregulatory system of the organism, that was developed by his students (L.K. Velikanova, Ya.D. Finkinstein, L.N. Ivanova, Yu.V. Natochin, L.I. Kurduban). Later on, the veiws about the ion-regulating mechanisms and age-specific features of their formation in the ontogenesis of humans and animals have been formed (A.Ya. Terner, R.I. Aizman, I.V. Pantyukhin). The role of interconnections in this direction between the researchers from Novosibirsk and scientists from the USA (L. Rabinowitz), Sweden (A. Aperia, G. Celsi), Israel (H. Garty, S. Karlish) and others were shown. Knowledge of the history of the development of renal physiology in different countries and the results of cooperation between researchers play an important role in understanding the development prospects of this scientific area.
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| CONTRIBUTION OF NOVOSIBIRSK RESEARCH SCHOOLS.pdf | 263.28 KB |
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| Function and plasticity of synapses.pdf | 475.73 KB |
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| Cortical circuits in health and disease.pdf | 461.69 KB |
