The work aimed to study the protein spectrum, morpho-functional state of erythrocyte membranes under stress and correction by low-intensity laser radiation. The experiments were carried out in vitro. Low-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 830 nm and a power of 90 mw was used for irradiation. Laser therapy was performed using an autonomous laser shower "MarsIK" (NPO "Petrolaser", St. Petersburg). The protein fractions of red blood cells were analyzed by electrophoresis, the morphology of red blood cells by laser interference microscopy, the еletrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes was measured by microelectrophoresis in our modification and the concentration of malondialdehyde in red blood cells by reaction with thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometrically. It is proved that the change of protein fractions in the erythrocyte membrane under stress, a decrease in the amount of spectrin, band 3 protein, glycophorin and ankirin. The stress is characterized by an increase in the number of echinocytes, stomatocytes and degenerative-altered red blood cells. Exposure to LLLT on blood samples determined the recovery of the studied parameters to the control group values (physiological norm). The role of the discovered metabolic changes in RBC in stress and their correction by LLLT is under discussion.
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 6_MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES.pdf | 445.3 KB |
The article focuses on identifying specific eye movement parameters during reading unfamiliar words to study the formation of epistemic evaluation. The sample consisted of 40 students. 240 eye-tracking records were registered while the participants were reading 6 texts in Russian. The study revealed that the speed of saccades decreased, and the duration of fixations increased while reading an unknown word. Eye movements at first encounter of a new term may be an indicator of epistemic evaluation formation.
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| 5_PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF EPISTEMIC EVALUATION.pdf | 467.09 KB |
Increase in the life expectancy of the population is associated with a tendency of aging in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Gender, age and genetic differences of the individual risk factors are still discussed in the aspect of influence on the heart failure clinical phenotype. The study aimed to identify the gender and age differences of chronic heart failure clinical characteristics in terms of the ZBTB17 gene (rs10927875) polymorphism. Materials and methods. A total of 351 patients with CHF of ischemic etiology of both genders were examined. The average age of men was 65.3±9.9, women ̶ 69.7±9.61 years. Results and conclusions: CHF of ischemic etiology in the absence of differences in the burdened family history, previous myocardial infarction (MI) observed mainly in middle-aged and elderly men and elderly and senile women. Significant gender differences in comorbidities were revealed: in 40% of men, CHF was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in 47.3% of women ‒ with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in 32.2% - with diabetes mellitus (DM). The distribution of rs10927875 polymorphism ZBTB17 genotypes were corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 = 0.272, p = 0.873). CC genotype in men was associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). CT genotype in women associated with CHF FC III and IV due to the frequent indications in the past on myocardial infarction, concomitant DM, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. The CT genotype rs10927875 was characterized by a frequent combination of CHF with COPD in men and CKD and DM in women.
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| 4 GENDER AND AGE ASPECTS OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.pdf | 533.98 KB |
SELENOM is a highly conserved protein, presented in different species and classes of animals, belongs to the family of thioredoxin–like folding proteins. It is known that SELENOM is more expressed in the brain and is very sensitive to selenium deficiency in this organ; it is involved in the regulation of calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and apoptosis in brain cells. This study showed that SELENOM–knockdown in human glioblastoma cells (A–172 cell line) contributed to a decrease in the number of apoptotic A–172 cells after 24 or 48 h treatment with the known apoptosis inducer staurosporine, as well as a significant decrease in the number of necrotic cells after 48 h treatment with this inductor. A decrease in SELENOM activity also led to a decrease in the Ca2+ ER–buffer capacity and influenced the level of mRNA expression of key ER–stress markers in glioblastoma cells.
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| 3_SELENOM-KNOCKDOWN ENHANCES THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT.pdf | 739.09 KB |
The aim of the work was to study the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the red spectrum (640 nm) with fluences from 3 mJ/cm2 to 2 J/cm2 in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) at doses of 2-6 Gy against human BJ-5ta-hTERT - postnatal fibroblasts. The cells were exposed to low-intensity red light before or after their exposure to IR, the viability of the cells was determined by MTT 24 hours after the last exposure. It is shown that the effects of PBM depend on the fluence of PBM, the dose of IR and the sequence of the actions of these physical factors on cells. The adaptive effect of PBM was observed only for high fluences-1 and 2 J/cm2 when exposed to PBM and subsequent (after 1 hour) irradiation of IR. At the same time, the stimulating effect of PBM was observed only for low fluences from 3 to 300 mJ/cm2 under IR irradiation and subsequent (after 1 hour) exposure to PBM. These data should be taken into account when using PBM for the correction of adverse events of radiation therapy in an oncological clinic.
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| 2_EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PHOTOBIOMODULATION MODES.pdf | 1.12 MB |
Pulp diseases treatment may lead to complications, such as the development of apical periodontitis registered with the help of X-ray examination. At the same time, a dentist might provide endodontic treatment associated with apical periodontitis in case there are relevant X-ray changes. In both cases, the periapical status follow-up is required for causality assessment. CBCT data of 2915 endodontically treated teeth were studied assessing the distance from the X-ray root apex to the root filling, as well as assessing the periapical status and tracing the relation between those. It is least probable to detect periapical changes if the length of the root canal filling is 0-1 mm from the X-ray apex, more probable within the length of 1-2 mm, and most probable within the level of over 1 mm and 2 mm, correspondingly. An individual approach excludes the strategy of ‘indication — contra-indication’ related to the length of the root canal filling showing no ground to assess it as a success criterion for endodontic treatment or as an indication for retreatment regardless of the clinical case. In many situations, if there are no clinical signs of unsuccessful endodontic treatment, the periapical tissues follow-up strategy is well-grounded.
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| 1_UNDERFILLED ROOT CANAL AS A FACTOR AFFECTING THE PERIAPICAL STATUS.pdf | 757.83 KB |
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERC) are known as one of the key regulators of many cell functions. In particular, MERC effects on the mobility and morphology of mitochondria, exchange of calcium and lipids between organelles, and participates in the processes of autophagy and apoptosis that are crucial for neuronal development. MERC can influence the functioning of the neurotrophic factor BDNF through the activation of the Sigma-1 receptor. That points to the presence of feedback i.e. itself BDNF influence on the structural characteristics of MERC. At the same time, the effect of chronic stimulation of BDNF or blockade of TrkB receptors on an ability to form contacts between mitochondria and ER is different and depends on cellular compartment.
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| 9 EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXOGENOUS STIMULATION.pdf | 800.25 KB |
In probabilistic conditions, people choose low-payoff alternatives on some trials, thus failing to maximize their payoffs. We suggest that such behavior implicates exploration of task rules by choosing risky options instead of exploiting more rewarding alternatives. We hypothesized that exploration would affect brain responses to feedback. Further, a shift to exploration develops gradually and, therefore, a decision to make an exploratory choice may be observed on trials preceding risky choices. We investigated beta power (16–30 Hz) in the magnetoencephalographic data from 62 healthy participants performing a two-choice probabilistic gambling with monetary gains and losses. The effects were found at 600–800 ms after feedback onset in frontal, central and occipital brain regions. On trials preceding risky choices we identified a decrease in beta power which implies a change in decision-making strategy and a shift towards cognitive flexibility and exploration. An increase in beta power during risky decisions indicates that reward learning mechanisms are implicated. Increases in beta power following losses in risky choices indicates at the process of updating the internal representation of the task. In summary, current findings reveal that the outcomes of exploratory trials are processed differentially, while there is no evidence of such processing on exploitatory trials. This corroborates the hypothesis that exploratory choices represent active probing into the surmised task rules. Current findings also suggest that the processing of outcomes preceding the exploratory trials is altered in such a way that subjects override their intention to use the utility model and reset their behavioral strategy.
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| 8 BETA-BAND POWER PREDICTS EXPLORATORY CHOICES.pdf | 499.58 KB |
Plastic changes in the neurons of the amygdala during learning in fear conditioning and their contribution to the modifications of behavior are well known, but the impact of hippocampal neurons in this behavioral task is not well studied to date. Recently a novel technique for simultaneous recording of calcium signal in multiple neurons in the brain of awake freely moving animals by miniature fluorescent microscope (miniscope) was developed. With the use of the miniscope, we have investigated neuronal activity in the CA1 area of hippocampus during memory formation and a recall in the task of contextual fear conditioning and correlated it with recorded mice behavior. Three epochs during learning were analyzed in mice behavior and brain activity: 120 s before, 2 s during, and 30 s after the electric shock. Memory retrieval was induced by placement of the animals for 180 s in the same context 24 h and 48 h after learning. The total amount of the neurons recorded in three mice was 507 during learning and 401 during memory retrieval. The patterns of neuronal activity were analyzed and discussed.
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| 7 INVESTIGATION OF CA1 NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING.pdf | 455.91 KB |
Cognitive status and EEG in the theta, alpha, and beta ranges were studied using cluster analysis by discrete optimization in patients with cardiovascular disease in the preoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting. The cognitive status was measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, and an integral indicator of cognitive status (IICS) formed on the basis of complex testing the indices of visual-motor responses, attention, and memory. The new method of clustering the EEG power and the cognitive status made it possible to distinguish groups of patients differenced by cognitive reserves. The IICS better differentiates groups than MMSE. The factors of age and education were decisive only in specific groups. The clusters characterized by the most represented cognitive reserves according to the higher both MMSE and IICS indicators included less pronounced activation of the cortex according to more power of the theta, alpha, and less beta rhythm. Patients with supposedly minimal reserves are differed by a low level of cognitive status, as well as education level together with higher activation state of the cortex. The third type of clusters was distinguished by an unstable composition due to the variability of EEG indicators in it, mostly cortical activity at the alpha1 frequencies. The EEG neurophysiological approach, together with cognitive screening and proposed clustering analysis, could be helpful in understanding mechanisms of cognitive reserves and identify the risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain cardiovascular damage.
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| 6 DIFFERENTIATION OF COGNITIVE STATUS IN PATIENTS.pdf | 542.11 KB |
