The prevalence of chronic gastritis (CG) in the population is extremely high (50–80% among the adult population) and correlates with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. CG is a multifactorial process influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. In gastritis (especially associated with H. pylori), immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils) actively produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs degrade the basement membrane of the gastric epithelium, disruption of its integrity and deepening of damage. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of polymorphic variants of the matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP9 (rs17576, 836A>G) and MMP12 (rs652438, 1070A> G) with the risk of developing chronic gastritis in individuals living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Material and methods. DNA samples from 154 patients with gastritis and DNA samples from 122 individuals in the control group aged 18-50 years living in the Republic of Bashkortostan were used as research material. Genotyping was performed using the real-time PCR method. Results. In males, the G allele of the rs17576 polymorphic variant of the MMP9 gene was found to be a marker of an increased risk of developing CG. Association analysis of the rs652438 polymorphic variant of the MMP12 gene with the development of CG revealed no statistically significant differences between the compared groups of patients and controls. Conclusion. The obtained data allow for a deeper study of the mechanisms and molecular basis of CG pathogenesis, as well as the identification of important molecular genetic markers of the risk of developing this disease.
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