Erythrocytes, performing their basic oxygen transport function, simultaneously affect blood viscosity by changing the deformability of their structure, and also have a vasodilating effect on the walls of blood vessels using NO. An important role in this regulation is played by the purinergic signaling system, which was confirmed by this study of the morphofunctional parameters of red blood cells in the presence of ATP and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We found that under the action of 0.5 mM ATP on red blood cells, the ability of hemoglobin (Hb) to bind oxygen decreases against the background of a slight increase in complexes with oxygen, while the total number of membrane-cytoskeletal proteins also decreases. This, in turn, is accompanied by a redistribution of Hb molecules and an increase in the area of red blood cells. In the presence of 5.0 mM ATP, the oxygen transport function of erythrocytes and the quantitative composition of membrane proteins change similarly, while the geometric height and volume of the cells are significantly reduced. The combined effect of 100 μM SNP and 0.5 mm ATP has the greatest effect on the conformation of hemoporphyrin molecules, which leads to a sharp increase in hemoglobin complexes with oxygen, while the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases. The membrane-cytoplasmic component of the cell also undergoes changes. Thus, ATP, both separately and in combination with SNP, affects the oxygen transport and regulatory function of red blood cells, activating the purinergic signaling pathway and triggering a cascade of adaptation reactions in the cell.
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