Cytogenetic Effects of Complex Pollution of Water Bodies of the Nizhni Novgorod Region

The assessment of micronucleus species in erythrocyte of amphibians living in different hydrochemical conditions of water bodies of the Nizhni Novgorod region in the dynamics of four-year monitoring (2016-2019) was carried out. The content of erythrocyte of blood of Pelophylax ridibundus decreased, the proportion of erythrocyte with micronuclei increased, the ratio of different types of micronuclei changed, attached micronucleidue prevailed in erythrocytes. In the blood of Pelophylax ridibundus, attached micronuclei were found 2.1 times more often than in P. lessonae.
A positive relationship was established between the sum of all types of micronuclei (ρ = 0.61), the number of erythrocytes with attached micronuclei (ρ = 0.64) and the content of sulfates in the water; the number of erythrocytes with loosened micronuclei and the content of nitrites (ρ = 0.47). Negative associations were found between: the content of erythrocytes in the blood and the complex pollution of the water (ρ = -0.47) and the concentration of manganese (ρ = -0.54); the proportion of erythrocytes with rod-shaped micronuclei and a general level of pollution (ρ = -0.54), as well as with the content of manganese in the water (ρ = -0.50). The results obtained reflect the ecological dysfunction of the habitat and indicate significant violations of the cytogenetic homeostasis of the organism of amphibians in the urbanized territory.