The study was performed at the Gomel Regional Clinic of Sports Medicine (Belarus). Two hundred thirty-six healthy athletes (134 men and 102 women) were examined. The mean age of the examined athletes was 20 years. Features of blood biochemical parameters in athletes of cyclic sports, strength sports, and team game sports have been evaluated.
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 5 BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS.pdf | 359.13 KB |
The study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly the hypervariable segment (HVS1) region, is widely used to reconstruct a population's history, structure, and origin. The origin of the Sakha people living in the north-east of Russia has been discussed for more than 300 years, but up to the present time many aspects of their ethnogenesis remain unclear. In order to clarify the migration routes of the ancient ancestors of the Sakha, we analyzed the mitotypes of 69 unrelated representatives of this ethnic group, whose belonging to the ethnic group was traced to the third generation. In the studied Sakha group, we identified 33 mitotypes, the distribution of which by haplogroups approximately coincides with the data of other studies. The results of a comparative study of Sakha mitotypes according to EMPOP data and literature sources revealed a wide distribution of the identified mtDNA HVS1 haplotypes in many populations of Eurasia. A comparison of the obtained mitotypes with the results of mtDNA sequencing of ancient samples shows that most of the mtDNA lines of modern Sakha have long been located on the territory of Yakutia. West Eurasian and East Asian mtDNA lines were incorporated into the Sakha genome at different times in different ways. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the routes of ancient migrations of the ancestors of the Sakha population.
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| 4 HVS1 HAPLOTYPES OF MTDNA.pdf | 367.59 KB |
The energy shortage, as well as the lack of antioxidant micronutrients that occur with severe thermal lesions, lead to poor clinical outcomes. It is important to carry out timely and effective therapy that helps maintain the redox and energy balance of the burned body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the energy status of red blood cells in severely burned patients with the use of antioxidant therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation on different days of therapy. The study involved 60 practically healthy people (norm) and patients with burns of I-II-III degree with different localization over 25% of the body surface. The age of patients is from 20 to 87 years. The data obtained suggested the effectiveness of the use of antioxidant therapy in burn patients due to the activation of oxidoreductases that support energy metabolism. The combined use of HBO and antioxidant nutrients in addition to standard therapy presumably contributed to maintaining the energy and redox balance of the body in patients with burns.
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| 3 ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY STATUS.pdf | 352.72 KB |
The aim of the work was established as to study the effect of low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) on the morphology of neutrophils by the method of interference microscopy in correlation with metabolic parameters in the use of modulators which permits to assess the contribution of various structures of neutrophils to the realization of LILT effect. There was in vitro research. The neutrophils of rats served as the object of research. The neutrophils were incubated with adrenalin, cortisol, and β-blockers of adrenoreceptors. The effect of LILT in combination with a preliminary incubation of these substances was studied. Autonomous laser shower MarsiK (R&D company “Petrolaizer,” Saint Petersbourg), a laser therapeutic complex for animals, was used as a laser irradiation source. The wavelength of the irradiation was 830 nm, and the total power was 90 MW. The phasometry of neutrophils was studied by the laser modulation interference microscopy method, the processes of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by the malondialdehyde concentration, and the ATP concentration was defined by spectrophotometry. LILT provoked unidirectional changes in indices in the groups where the neutrophils were incubated with adrenalin, cortisol, and adrenoreceptor blockers. It manifested in the intensification of lipid peroxidation, increase in ATP concentration, and on the other hand, an increase in phase diameter of neutrophils regarding indicators without the impact of LILT. It is shown that the LILT effect intensity may be modified depending on stress realizing hormones (adrenalin and cortisol), β-blocker of adrenoreceptors. It permits us to suppose that the LILT effects may be realized in different ways depending on the state of the cells.
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| 2 THE ANALYSIS OF NEUTROPHILS STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL STATE.pdf | 541.66 KB |
The methods of scanning microscopy were used to study blood cells (neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes) morphology and rigidity. Differences between morphology and adhesion properties of fixed and living cells were shown. The Young’s modulus in various lymphocytes and erythrocytes populations was obtained. Scanning ion-conductance microscopy was compared to the most widespread biological scanning probe methods: atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was established that scanning ion-conductance microscopy is capable of obtaining the morphology and stiffness of living cells at one scan.
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| 1 HIGH-RESOLUTION SCANNING ION-CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPY.pdf | 779.25 KB |
At present, it can be noted that COVID-19 is the most serious challenge to the international health care system in its recent history. Extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality dictate the need for a more detailed study of the pathogenetic aspects of the developing infectious catastrophe. Besides respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, COVID-19 is characterized by polyvalent disorders of the mechanisms of systemic hemostasis, which has reflected in an increase in the number of venous thromboembolic complications in the overall structure of morbidity and mortality. The given literature summarizes the information on COVID-associated coagulopathy and its effect on changes in the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of venous thromboembolic complications.
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| 7 CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS.pdf | 502.18 KB |
Cisplatin, as an antineoplastic drug belonging to the platinum family, has severely nephrotoxic and neurotoxic side effects. L-carnitine (LC) is an antioxidant-rich natural substance. The notion that LC may play a protective function in Cisplatin-induced nephropathy and neuropathy was investigated in this study. Nephropathy was created by a single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin at 20 mg/kg body weight, while neuropathy was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of Cisplatin at 2.3 mg/kg body weight over two rounds of five days, with five days break in between. The rats were subsequently given LC at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, followed by estimation of serum urea and creatinine with histological examination of renal tissue for the nephropathy group and evaluation of nerve conduction velocity for the neuropathy group. In comparison to the nephropathy group, blood urea and creatinine levels were significantly lower after treatment with LC. Furthermore, LC therapy improved the physiological characteristics of the sciatic nerve significantly. In conclusion, the significant impairment of renal function and the decrease in sciatic nerve conduction velocity induced by Cisplatin may be avoided if L-carnitine is administered as a preventative medication.
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| 6 EFFECT OF L-CARNITINE ON CISPLATIN INDUCED NEUROPATHY.pdf | 801.42 KB |
Conditions were determined for the identification of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes by the fluorescent method using amphotericin B as a probe. We performed a comparative analysis of electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of cholesterol, amphotericin B, and the products of their interaction, and determined the optimal wavelengths for excitation (328 nm) and recording (468 nm) of fluorescence. Amphotericin B stained cholesterol in membranes was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that the registration of emission band at 468 nm on fluorescence spectra of free and membrane-bound cholesterol can serve as a marker of the presence of this lipid in the samples.
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| 5 AMPHOTERICIN B AS A CHOLESTEROL IDENTIFIER.pdf | 516.86 KB |
The search for new molecular targets to protect brain cells from ischemic damage has remained one of the most urgent tasks of neurobiology and medicine over the past decades. The modern concept of the glucose-lactate shuttle, the main mechanism for providing energy support to neurons under conditions of increased physiological activity, implies a functional fusion of neuron and astrocyte metabolism, which becomes particularly important under energy or oxygen starvation conditions. The transfer of energy substrates in response to increased glutamate release by the presynaptic terminal occurs through monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and depends on a large number of endogenous mechanisms of homeostasis. Our work examined the role of MCTs in the implementation of the neuroprotective effect of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), one of the key participants in the regulatory system capable of maintaining the viability and functional activity of neurons under conditions of energy starvation. It has been shown that the application of the MCT1 transporter inhibitor, even under normal conditions, significantly affects the parameters of spontaneous bioelectrical activity of neural networks and cell viability of primary dissociated hippocampal cultures. However, the authors’ data on the role of this type of transporters in glucose deprivation and the effect of MCT blockade on the neuroprotective effects of GDNF are of the greatest interest.
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| 4 THE ROLE OF MCT1 TRANSPORTERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION.pdf | 733.81 KB |
Pseudomonas syringae is a widely distributed bacterial epiphyte of plants. When the temperature of the environment drops below zero, P. syringae can serve as biological ice nuclei due to the presence of specialized ice-nucleating proteins. This property has found application in various fields, but despite its evident importance, the molecular mechanisms behind protein-induced freezing have remained largely elusive. One of the problems in the study of the ice-nucleating process is the difficulty of carrying out experiments with freezing/melting solutions at near-zero temperatures. The experimental design implies special requirements for the equipment used and measurement technique. In this work, we used an experimental setup assembled from a dry thermostat that maintains a constant temperature and an accurate digital thermometer. We experimentally tested the possible sources of errors of the setup. As a result, we have shown that the accuracy of determining the freezing temperature of liquids and the coexistence of ice and water is mainly determined by the accuracy of the thermometer. The accuracy of determining the melting point of ice depends on the volume of the sample and is systematically underestimated in our setup. Using the proposed experimental technique, we performed a comparative study of P. syringae and E. coli cells, which revealed that P. syringae cells affect not only the freezing point of the solution but also the temperature of the coexistence of ice and water. The observed effect can be explained by the binding of P. syringae cells to the ice surface.
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| 3 AN EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT.pdf | 1.94 MB |
