Opera Medica et Physiologica

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Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 55-67; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-55-67
Abstract Full Text

Using the methods of fluorescence microscopy, Tirf microscopy, inhibitory analysis, immunocytochemistry and PCR, it has been shown that in response to an increase in [Ca2+]o or a CaSR agonist – protamine in the minor population of white adipocytes, Ca2+ signals are rapidly generated – a short-term Ca2+ increase and Ca2+-oscillations, while in most cells the generation of Ca2+ responses occurs after a lag period of varying duration. White adipocyte signals for CaSR activation were completely suppressed in the presence of the selective CaSR antagonist, NPS2143, in both cell populations. When CaSR is activated, a calcium-dependent process of secretion of ATP-containing vesicles occurs, which was also suppressed by NPS2143 and a calcium-dependent secretion blocker tetanus toxin. After a 24- hour exposure to the CaSR activator protamine on white adipocytes, an increase in the level of expression of genes – Lipe, Atgl, Sirt1 and Sirt3, encoding hormone-sensitive lipase, triglyceride lipase, sirtuins 1 and 3, respectively. At the same time, an increase in the expression of these genes was not observed with the selective CaSR antagonist, NPS2143. Thus, one of the new mechanisms of activation of genes regulating white adipose tissue lipolysis can be assumed through an increase in [Ca2+]i in the minor population of CaSR-expressing adipocytes, followed by calcium-dependent ATP secretion and paracrine activation of the entire cell network, which will help play an important role in the regulation of the balance of lipogenesis/lipolysis processes.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 43-54; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-43-54
Abstract Full Text

The three-dimensional structure of tumor tissue and particularly cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion is an important factor that can determine the phenotype of tumor cells. In this work, we have investigated the abundance profile of actin-binding adhesion proteins in human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines SKOV-3 and SKOV-3.ip. We have investigated levels of total and superficially localized adherens junctions proteins E- and N-cadherin, gap junction protein сonnexin-43 and cell-extracellular matrix contacting integrin beta-1. Our results indicate a complete absence of epithelial marker E-cadherin, a low level of mesenchymal N-cadherin and high levels of connexin-43 and integrin beta-1. Modest superficial localization of the represented proteins was observed, indicating their mislocalization. SKOV-3 cell line was characterized by higher levels of the total content of studied cell-cell contacts proteins and a lower level of superficially localized integrin beta-1, which is both considered to be associated with lower tumor aggressiveness. The revealed differences in the profile of adhesion proteins are in line with the accepted view on SKOV-3.ip cell line having a more aggressive phenotype than that of SKOV-3. The revealed features of the total abundance of the adhesion proteins and their superficially localized pool made it possible to supplement the information on the nature of phenotypic differences between the studied cell lines.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 35-42; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-35-42
Abstract Full Text

Relevance. The risk factors for urolithiasis include an increase in the daily excretion of lithogenic metabolites. These factors have not been sufficiently studied in childhood. Methods. We conducted a study of the 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and phosphorus in 196 patients (median age was 9.0 [6.0; 14.0] years, boys 23.5% (46/196)) with the urinary syndrome. Results. We found a statistically significantly higher daily urinary excretion of oxalates in boys compared to girls, 18.1 [11.2; 25.6] mg/day and 14.1 [9.6; 21.3] mg/day, respectively, p = 0.012. However, these differences manifest themselves only at the age of 10 years and older, amounting to 23.85 [11.2; 25.5] mg/day in boys and 13.91 [8.02; 18.9] mg/day in girls, p = 0.005. We did not establish gender differences in daily calcium excretion, p = 0.45. At the same time, we revealed gender differences in daily phosphorus excretion in boys compared with girls 23.25 [15.0; 38.0] mmol/day and 18.9 [10.6; 29.2] mmol/day, respectively, p = 0.013. These patterns were also typical only for the age older than 10 years – in boys 31.7 [21.1; 43.0] mmol/day, in girls 17.9 [11.6; 30.9] mmol/day, p = 0.003. Conclusions. Boys aged 10 years and older have a statistically significantly higher 24-hour urinary excretion of oxalate and phosphorus than girls. This may indicate the gender dependence of some lithogenic factors and the need for increased attention to the prevention of nephrolithiasis during early puberty.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 25-34; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-25-34
Abstract Full Text

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in the world. It is characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis and risk factors of diabetes, there is still no consensus on how best to diagnose, classify, and treat the disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that antidiabetic drugs can course unwanted side effects. S-15176 difumarate salt, a novel derivative of trimetazidine, inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid β-oxidation carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and has anti-ischemic properties, which makes it useful as an antidiabetic agent. Here, the effect of chronic treatment with S-15176 difumarate salt on the leukocyte formula and cytochemical indices of the peripheral blood neutrophils (myeloperoxidase activity, free phospholipids, and lysosomal cationic proteins) of C57Bl/6 mice in control and experimental T2D was studied. It was found that in the control group, S-15176 difumarate salt decreased the number of neutrophils containing lysosomal cationic proteins and the cytochemical coefficient of the cells. The treatment of diabetic mice with S-15176 had no significant effect on the activity of myeloperoxidase and free phospholipids in neutrophils. The results obtained suggest that the use of S-15176 difumarate salt as an antidiabetic drug does not induce changes in peripheral blood markers associated with immune-related adverse effects.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 15-24; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-15-24
Abstract Full Text

Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive cancer treatment modality based on the production of the reactive oxygen species by photoactive dye under light irradiation in the presence of molecular oxygen. During the development of the photodynamic reaction, various types of reactive oxygen species are formed, among which hydrogen peroxide is of the greatest interest since it can act as an extracellular and intracellular signaling molecule. Using a genetically encoded sensor of hydrogen peroxide, we have registered the development of oxidative stress in non-irradiated cells in response to local photodynamic exposure of a single cell using Photosens as a photosensitizer. The effect manifested when the cells were closely contacted to each other; if the irradiated cell was at some distance from the bulk of the population, the response of non-target cells was not observed. The oxidative stress in the irradiated cell is assumed to be the initiator of the signal transmission and triggering the response of non-target cells. That this response is more likely mediated by gap junction intercellular signaling. Нowever, the mechanisms involved in the propagation of damaging effects to cells outside the area of photodynamic exposure have to be further investigated.


Full-length research paper
Printed June 21, 2021;
Published ahead of print June 20, 2021; Printed June 21, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 2, pages 5-14; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-2-5-14
Abstract Full Text

This work is devoted to the study of the individual characteristics of cerebral circulation, galvanic skin response and heart rate during mental, sensorimotor and sensory activity. In two groups, differing in the level of behavior control (precise and imprecise), a comparative analysis of behavioral and physiological indicators was carried out. Imprecise subjects before the test (readiness state) GO/NOGO showed higher indices of the tone of the arterioles and venules of the cerebral vessels in the basin of the carotid arteries. During the GO/NOGO trial, a more reactive increase in vascular tone was observed in the precise group, more pronounced in the right hemisphere. In the imprecise group, a higher level of mental stress was registered in terms of GSR and heart rate during mental counting. GSR was also more pronounced in this group when viewing images. The optimal and non-optimal types of information load portability are discussed.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 15, 2021;
Published ahead of print March 14, 2021; Printed March 15, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 1, pages 51-61; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-1-51-61
Abstract Full Text

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach in the treatment of various tumors. The presence of three essential components: a photosensitizer, a light source and oxygen is required for generating reactive oxygen species and subsequent tumor destruction. In this study, we investigated the cell death pathway induced by Photodithazine (PD) mediated photodynamic therapy (PD-PDT). We found that PD localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of cancer cells. Upon irradiation at 20 J/cm2, PD induced death of tumor cells at concentrations exceeding 100 nM. Based on dying cell morphology, exposure of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, presence of phosphorylated form of mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (pMLKL) and protective action of pan-caspase inhibitor and inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), we hypothesize that Photodithazine forces cells to enter mixed-type cell death with features of apoptosis and necroptosis.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 15, 2021;
Published ahead of print March 14, 2021; Printed March 15, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 1, pages 45-50; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-1-45-50
Abstract Full Text

We have explored the features of PPARγ2 gene alleles expression in elderly patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity and coronary artery disease. 140 patients of both sexes (54.3% men and 45.7% women) aged 60-89 were examined. The main group included 70 pts with CHD; the control group included 70 pts without CHD. Pro12 allele carrier state in the main group was 85%, and Ala12 allele carrier state – 15%. Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotypes, Ala12 allele were detected more often in patients with coronary artery disease than in the control group (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Pro12Ala genotypes (OR = 2.02, CI = 1.28–3.19, p = 0.003) and Ala12Ala (OR = 2.002, CI = 1.32–3.04, p = 0.0006) of Ala12 gene PPARγ2 carrier state increases the risk of CHD developing by 2 times. It was confirmed that nuclear PPARs are capable of controlling development, differentiation, metabolic homeostasis and reproduction. The role of various genotypes of the PPARγ2 gene in the regulation of lipid metabolism and angiogenesis in comorbid conditions in elderly patients may help to identify new methods of their treatment.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 15, 2021;
Published ahead of print March 14, 2021; Printed March 15, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 1, pages 37-44; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-1-37-44
Abstract Full Text

Currently, radionuclide therapy of tumors using sources of alpha and beta radiation is actively developing. However, the radiosensitivity of tumor cells has been studied mainly using acute gamma radiation. In this regard, studies aimed at determining the ranges of radiosensitivity of cells of various origins in relation to beta-emission radionuclides are gaining relevance. The study was carried out on A431, CHO and SK-BR-3 cell lines using beta-emission sealed sources Sr-90+Y-90. Cell viability was assessed via MTT-assay. Dose dependences were obtained for irradiating cells with a beta source: the LD50 range was from 17 to 19 Gy, and LD37 was from 24 to 36 Gy. It was shown that at the same dose of radiation, the percentage of viable cells relative to the control of 72 hours after irradiation is significantly less than after 24 hours. The revealed LD50 values for tumor cells under chronic beta-irradiation are higher than with acute gamma-irradiation, which should be considered when selecting doses during the development of potential radiopharmaceutical treatment. Decreased cell viability in response to beta radiation is due to both cytotoxic and cytostatic manifestations.


Full-length research paper
Printed March 15, 2021;
Published ahead of print March 14, 2021; Printed March 15, 2021; OM&P 2021 Volume 8 Issue 1, pages 29-36; doi:10.24412/2500-2295-2021-1-29-36
Abstract Full Text

CuO in the form of micro- and nano-sized colloidal particles enters the human body from environment. The aim of the study is the identification of morphological changes in rat liver tissues during chronic oral intake of micro- and nanosized CuO by image analysis. The experiments were performed on 45 male Wistar rats (3 groups: experimental (nanosized CuO); comparison (micro-sized CuO); control (water without CuO)). Suspensions CuO were administered to the rats orally once a day. Quantitative morphological parameters were determined by pathomorphological examination and image analysis using the method of constructing Voronoi diagrams (the ratio of cells of various shapes); average cell area; the average size of the cell perimeter and the number of cells per unit area. As a result of the analysis by the constructing Voronoi diagrams, was found that the main part of the model cells corresponding to hepatocytes has the shape of a hexagon. In the control group, their share is 35.89%, in the experience group – 29.09%, and in the comparison group – 30.59%. The density of cells’ distribution in the comparison group is 7 times higher than in the control group; in the experimental group the same indicator is 4 times higher than in the control group. Collectively, the characteristics of morphological changes in liver tissue indicate greater toxicity of nano-sized copper oxide compared to its micro-sized analogue.


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